Christology in the Black Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christology in the Black Perspective - Essay Example According to Wilmore (93), Christology in the Black perspective borrows much from the Bible on the Israelites deliverance from Egypt by God. Advocates of Black theology effectively compare the US to Egypt. They predict that the blacks who are the oppressed people will be led to a promised land soon. They emphasize that God is concerned with the people who lack economic, social and political justice and also for those who are unwanted and poor in the society. They believe that the same God, who liberated the Israelites, is the same God who is a blessing and working for the blacks who are oppressed in the 20th century. They believe that God is helping the oppressed blacks and has, therefore, identified Himself with them. They speak of God as Black.Jesus Christ is seen from the aspect of liberation and oppression. Other texts that are borrowed from the Bible by Christology in the Black perspective include the Gospel of Luke. The book of Luke states that the lame will walk, the blind wil l see, the deaf will hear, the lepers will be cleaned, the dead will rise up and the poor will have the good news preached to them. Therefore it is evident that in Christ, God truly enters human affairs and notably takes sides and supports the oppressed (Wilmore 112).This means that the oppressed become His and the numerous challenges of the 20th century cannot be solved by looking at the past of what Christ did. The main reason for this is that the choices of the past are not similar to the current situation.

Risk and Quality Management Essay Example for Free

Risk and Quality Management Essay Executive Summary The following paper will be addressing the Risk and Quality management of one of the leading health care organizations in the world today and an organization whose benefits many of us have had the pleasure of experiencing: Kaiser Permanente, which is one of the most esteemed and flourishing organizations within the health care field. Kaiser Permanente provides and offers leading health care technologies, outstanding doctors, emergency services, laboratory needs, pharmaceuticals, and other hospital services among other things. They also have a very detailed and successful risk and quality management program which they enforce within their various organizations. Purpose of Risk and Quality Management â€Å"Quality assurance, corporate compliance, and risk management have common elements, they all represent processes by which care and services are scrutinized, audited, and generate action plans intended to benefit patients† (Sollins, JD, 2008). So it is no surprise that within the health care field, risk and quality management’s main purpose is to ensure that patients and employees are always safe and receive the best care possible. Ensuring that both patients and employees are always safe reduces the possibility of any undue or unnecessary risks to the organizations which is why quality assurance and/or management go hand in hand with risk management. In health care Risk management is very critical as it covers so many different areas ranging from proper procedures when handling medications, protecting patient information, making sure training is happening for all employees, and so much more. Risk management is so important because it is what makes sure the facility is operating in accordance with regulations. Quality management insures that patients are receiving quality care for a decent market value, which includes good customer service, timely visits and advanced technology. At Kaiser they value both risk and quality management and make it a core focus at all  times. In fact, â€Å"Kaiser Permanentes Care Management Institute (CMI) is one of the first organizations in the United States to earn disease management (DM) certification from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). The 2-year NCQA DM certification was awarded in program design. The program design certification was awarded for four areas: diabetes, asthma, heart failure, and depression. CMI was one of 18 to apply for the NCQA certification/accreditation† (ManagedHealthcare.Info, 2002). Managing the Risks Like all other health care organizations Kaiser Permanente faces many risks on a daily basis, especially since they are dealing with people’s well-being. It is critical that first and foremost a health care organization knows what their risks are and what strategies are in place to address these risks. â€Å"Kaiser Permanente is concerned that too many diverse drug safety programs will impose a burden on the healthcare system and on patients and that this will drive up costs and limit access to therapies. At issue is the growing number of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies. The FDA has approved nearly 100 in the last three years† (Wechsler, 2010). Suffice it to say any industry that deals with the making or distributing of pharmaceutical or any other type of drugs made for the consumption of the general public has to make sure they have great risk management because there are many risks involved. In drug distribution situations if situations are not handled prope rly, they can lead to not only costly mistakes but can also put people’s well being in danger. Two other typical risks for this type of organization would be patient confidentiality and cleanliness as there are so many germs and diseases that these facilities face daily. These risks could affect the quality because medication may not be correct, confidentiality breaches will have negative results on the organization and the patients, and cleanliness risks will affect the patients, and possibly even the employees’ overall experience and/or health.  Kaiser is always taking steps towards better risk management and trying new policies and training to achieve this. â€Å"Licensing agencies and professional organizations prescribe minimum standards for a health care risk management program. These standards require direct interaction and support between the Risk Management Team, Administration, the Legal Department, Medical Staff, and Quality Management. Mechanisms must be in place for expeditious investigation and reporting of occurrences, prospective and retrospective analysis, and implementing preventive programs. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations published its guidelines for hospitals in its Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. A major part of health care risk management is being knowledgeable of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization guidelines and ensuring that departments comply with them. Valuable safety measures with inherent checks and balances are put into place which increase quality of care and also help to curtail liability claims†. Kaiser believes that a complementary relationship exists between risk and quality management and that this relationship, in part, helps improve quality. It is this belief that created a synergistic approach within their Quality Management and Risk Management Departments. In the mid 90’s The Los Angeles branch of Kaiser Permanente’s Patient Care Management Committee voted on actions to improve their risk management. Those actions were: * Incorporation of collective instructional programs to assist in keeping health care staff updated on new techniques. * Develop deeper understanding of confidentiality practices. * Annual risk management refreshers for health care employees. * Providing courses on how to improve medical record documentation. * Updating protocols on preoperative and post-operative administration. * Educating and establishing centers of excellence for catheter replacement and selection processes. * Upgrade existing incident report forms to ensure more accurate documentation. * Revamp the use of Administration Records * Audit of Critical Care Units * Upgrading the admission policies and procedures. * Introducing policies for patient medication procedures. Managing Quality There are clearly so many factors which can negatively affect the quality of an organization let alone one that is in the health care field. In fact Health Care organizations may face a magnitude of issues which are not seen in other types of organizations. This is mainly due to the nature of having to deal with not only their employees but also with the welfare and  wellbeing of so many different patients. However, as you can imagine some internal factors that this organization or any other health care organization may face would be training, customer services, and services rendered to the patients. In addition, some external factors that can affect the quality of an organization would be third party vendors, budget cuts, and technical issues with electronic medical records or even any other technology system. These factors could be detrimental to any organization if not addressed properly and quickly. However, one of the reasons that Kaiser is considered one of the leading health care organizations is that Kaiser has a very large focus on quality management and wants to makes sure they are always providing the best quality. Their attention to detail is not only evident in how they perform but also in the reputation that they have acquired based on their extreme attention to these details. According to â€Å"Health Span† (n.d). â€Å"The Kaiser Permanente Quality Management program was designed to improve the quality and safety of clinical care and the quality of services provided to our members. The Quality Improvement (QI) program prioritizes quality activities aligned with the region’s strategic plan and provides resources in support of achieving the QI work plan. This complies with applicable regulatory and accrediting body requirements. Kaiser Permanente’s QI work plan must address: * Quality and safety of clinical care * Quality of service * Program scope * Yearly objectives * Yearly planned activities * Timeframe within which each activity is to be achieved * The staff member responsible for each activity * Monitoring of previously identified issues * Evaluation of the Quality Improvement (QI) program Kaiser Permanente’s Goals Kaiser Permanente’s organization has many goals many of which include helping to lower the nation’s obesity rate, promoting wellness care, promoting global health care, educating the public on health and wellness through classes and seminars, offering the best quality health care for a  good price, and much more. According to the organization’s website in 2002, Kaiser Permanente and CAPH/SNI entered into a formal business cooperative effort to broaden their ability to offer quality care as well as work towards improving the type of health care that is available in many communities regardless of their economic standing. This goal is not only one that would benefit the communities in which they are used but also serve to broaden the vision of those involved in the partnership at the state and local levels between community health care providers, organizations and leaders and staff of Kaiser Permanente to cooperate towards mutal objectives which include: * Collaborating on strategies and resources to promote quality care and enhance the efficiency within the systems * Working in association with community partners to improve the health within our neighborhoods In closing, Kaiser Permanente is one of the leading health organizations in the nation and it is no surprise that they also have some of the best risk and quality management practices to go along with their great reputation. In my experience with Kaiser risk and quality management are a focus at all times. One policy that I know is in place, just from visiting them, is that they conduct mailer surveys regarding patient satisfaction. This is important because it gives the patient the opportunity to voice what they think is great or what the organization could improve about the quality of care and services they received. It is also an important point that this industry has and strives to maintain good risk and quality management because they are dealing on a daily basis, every day of the year with the health and wellness of quite a number of people. Based on the facts stated above, Kaiser is always striving for the best quality and risk management possible. It is evident thru the numerous awards that this organization receives, that they are clearly doing a great job and they are example of how an organization should and could properly manage risk and quality management in a way that not only benefits the organization itself but also the people which it serves. References California Health Care Safety Net Institute. (2013). Partnership with Kaiser Permanente. Retrieved from http://safetynetinstitute.org/goals/enhancequalityofcare/kaiserpartnership/ Health Span. (n.d). Kaiser Permanente’s Quality Management program. Retrieved from http://providers.kaiserpermanente.org/html/cpp_oh/quality.html#Kaiser%20Permanente %E2%80%99s%20Quality%20Management%20program ManagedHealthcare.Info, . (2002, November 11). Quality Assurance; Kaiser Permanente institute earns NCQA Disease Management Certification. NewsRx. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/210597878?accountid=458 Sollins, JD, H. L. (2008, May June). Quality Assurance, Corporate Compliance, and Risk Management: Overlapping but Not Identical Tools. Geriatric Nursing, 29(3), 157-159. Wechsler, J. (2010, February). Kaiser Questions Safety Policies. Pharmaceutical Executive, 30(2), 1-18. ProQuest.

Public Health Delivery In Mauritius

Public Health Delivery In Mauritius As the saying goes health is wealth, the provision of proper healthcare is extremely important as this implies well-being, happiness, and a good quality of life. A healthy population is essential for the growth and prosperity of a country. A nations health system should thus aim at providing quality healthcare to its population. The Ministry of Health Quality of Life, to whom an overall yearly budget of Rs 5 billion is allocated, provides public healthcare in Mauritius as a welfare service. (Source: Newsletter Ministry of Health Quality of Life July 2009). As at the year ended 2008, health services were provided through 13 public hospitals including 5 specialised ones, 22 Area Health Centres and 108 Community Health Centres located throughout the country. (Source: Ministry of Health Quality of Life). Free healthcare provided by the Ministry of Health Quality of Life has improved the health situation of the citizens of Mauritius. This is shown in table 1.2 below. Table 1.2: Health Indicators in Mauritius for the years 1990 and 2008 (Source: Ministry of Health Quality of Life) The health indicators in Table 1.2 show favourable changes in the health situation of Mauritians in 2008 compared to 1990. Apart from providing health services to the citizens of Mauritius through its hospitals and health centres, The Ministry of Health Quality of Life being highly concerned about the well-being of the Mauritian population, tries to create awareness amongst them by carrying out several welfare activities. The latter include the launching of a Mobile Clinic which was done on 7 May 2009, public demonstration of physical activities such as yoga, aerobics, Tai Chi and physical exercise that are organised to encourage people to adopt a healthy lifestyle, tips given with regards to a healthy nutrition so as to fight obesity, organising empowerment programmes to sensitise the population on the adverse effects of tobacco and alcohol, talks on stress management and a National Cancer Control Programme has been developed to fight against cancer. (Source: Newsletter Ministry of Health Quality of Life July 2009) Furthermore, The Ministry of Health Quality of Life aims at improving the quality of healthcare provided to the citizens of Mauritius. Recently, on 27 April 2009, it introduced the implementation of the ISO 9001: 2008 in health services so as to increase customer satisfaction and meet the needs of the Mauritian population. (Newsletter Ministry of Health Quality of Life July 2009). The future plans of the Ministry include the setting up of Medical Schools where proper training will be given to healthcare providers and improving the hospitality and catering services provided in its hospitals. (Source: Newsletter Ministry of Health Quality of Life March 2009) From the above, it can be noted that The Ministry of Health Quality of Life is highly concerned with the health of the citizens of Mauritius. However despite all the efforts of The Ministry of Health Quality of Life, the Mauritian population does not seem to be fully satisfied with its healthcare services. Patients are increasingly filing medical malpractice cases which nowadays are repeatedly seen as being the headline of many newspapers. Media reporting has created an increased awareness of harm related to healthcare errors. Additionally, despite the fact that industrialisation and economic growth during the last years have positively changed the lifestyle and the standard of living of the Mauritian population, the latter is highly exposed to diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer, HIV/AIDS and so forth. Research has shown that 1 out of 5 Mauritians aged 30 and above has diabetes that is mostly caused due to obesity, unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity and alcohol abuse. (Source: Newsletter Ministry of Health Quality of Life July 2009) The HIV/AIDS status in Mauritius is quite high with 3792 cases registered from October 1987 to March 2009. This has resulted in 249 deaths as at March 2009. Prior to 2000, 20 to 30 new cases of HIV were being reported annually. However over the period of 2001 2005 the number had increased by almost twice annually: 55 in 2001, 98 in 2002, 225 in 2003, 525 in 2004 and 921 in 2005. The 538 new cases registered in 2008 showed that in spite of all the efforts of the Ministry of Health Quality of Life, HIV in Mauritius is on a rising trend. (Source: Ministry of Health Quality of Life: An analysis of Health Situation in Mauritius as at year ended 2008) Furthermore each year more than 1400 new cases of cancer are registered in Mauritius. In 2008, 12% of all deaths were due to this disease. (Source: Newsletter Ministry of Health Quality of Life July 2009) Heart diseases and Diabetes mellitus were the first two main causes of mortality in 2008. Comparing the causes of death in 2008 with those of 1975: Causes 1975 2008 All diseases related to the circulatory system including heart diseases 28.4% 35.0% Diabetes Mellitus 2.7% 22.8% Table 1.3: Causes of death in the years 1975 and 2008 (Source: Ministry of Health Quality of Life: An analysis of Health Situation in Mauritius for the year ended 2008) Table 1.3 shows a rapid increase in death due to heart diseases and diabetes mellitus over the last three decades. This can be explained by a change in the lifestyle and eating habits of the citizens of Mauritius which is making them become more prone to such non-communicable diseases. Morbidity in Mauritius and the litigation/complaints concerning medical mal-practice therefore indicate that the Ministry of Health Quality of Life is not meeting the needs of the Mauritian population. The healthcare system in Mauritius is getting bigger and more complex as the expectations of the population are increasing. The citizens of Mauritius who are now better educated, have become highly demanding in terms of choice, access, quality of care and service. They furthermore feel that the system is deteriorating and becoming less responsive to their needs as the press only publicises the bad points. Such negative media comments definitely demoralise the health care providers. The aim of this project is to investigate the problems faced by the public health care sector of Mauritius. This will be done through an empirical study at Flacq Hospital, one of the well-known general hospitals operated by the Ministry of Health Quality of Life. Throughout this study, it is intended to assess the healthcare quality provided at Flacq Hospital and analyse the factors linked to service experience and patient satisfaction. By evaluating patient experience important information can be obtained for identifying problems and taking appropriate measures for quality improvement in health-care facilities (Labarere and Franà §ois, 1999; Batchelor et al., 1994). Improving the quality of service in hospitals will thus be beneficial to everybody namely patients, physicians, nursing staff, management and tax-payers. Such a win-win situation will be advantageous to the whole country.

Internet Marketing :: E-commerce business Marketing Essays

Internet Marketing Marketing is currently standing verge of the greatest change in lifestyle, which he has ever undertaken. All around the globe businessmen and other entrepreneurs are racing to cash on the future of marketing. Tradition is being turned on its head as all of free enterprise begins plans to phase out age-old methods to more effective and cost-conscious world of the Internet. Their logic is not too difficult to understand. Last year, American businesses spent millions of dollars advertising their products by magazine, newspaper, radio, television and mass mailers. They flooded the homes of America, targeting every breathing carbon based life form they could find, with countless jingles, images, song and dance in an attempt to peddle their often unwanted goods. This type of nuclear marketing (dropping a power load at a random percentage of the population) has been the backbone of corporate America. Times, however, are a changing’. With the deregulation of the Internet in 19 91, the federal government opened the door industry to the potential of advertising twenty-four hours a day, almost free of charge to anyone in the world who accessed their link. While it is true that this new advertising is not seemingly as direct, it does provide a marketing tool that directly targets interested parties. Their largest problem with traditional marketing stems from the fact that, in order to determine who is interested in a product, the business would have to ask everyone. Changes in information access are forcing the game to evolve. Now businesses can enjoy presenting their product to those who seek them out. Moreover, this new media revolution costs almost nothing to set up. It is clear that traditional marketing is approaching a revolution. It is a twitching dinosaur who is awaiting his doom. As the world continues to interline itself, business will alter the way in which it reaches its customer. Those who evolve will prosper. Those who do not shall perish. The Internet is a world wide network of tens of thousands of computers, all connected. Individuals and businesses get on the Internet by getting an Internet account through a local Internet Service Provider, offering access to e-mail and the World Wide Web. The â€Å"Web† allows potential customers to visit a business’s storefront to the world, and view the company’s on-line color brochure stored in pages or files which can be viewed in both text and picture.

Promote Communication Essay

1. Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate The communication is part of the human life, most of the people are communicate with others all the time in a conscious way or without intention to build a kind of relationship, basically in two forms verbal where we use words to present ideas or non-verbal expressing ideas and opinions without talking using our body language, facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, touch or contact, signs, symbols, pictures, etc. Read more:  Identify the different reasons why people communicate  essay The people communicate one each other for many different reasons depending the personal relation between the people such as family/friend, workplace, commercial place, etc Those reasons can be: To express our needs and wishes To create/build a relationship with others To share information To explain different aspect of the life To help or receive help To show and express our feelings In particular, in our work environment exist some specific different groups of people that we need to communicate for different reasons The children and young people The communication with them is constant and fluid, we know their needs, problems, like and dislike, conflict with other peers, we share and explain the daily activities, we discuss the place setting rules, etc. The communication is general informal, and the verbal and non-verbal language should be according with the ages of the children. The practitioners With the colleagues we interact day by day, most of the time in an informal way share ideas and thoughts, relevant information about the children, the setting planning, activities, different situation that can affect the normal day in the work place as well as depended of the kind of relationship with the colleagues, it is possible share personal information and aspect of our life which do not have direct influence in the job. The manager / director The communication is similar than the colleagues, but it is express in a more formal way according of the kind of information that we need to communicate, sometime may include written communication by filling accident / incident form, meeting notes, discuss policies revision, etc . Parents/ carers The communication in this case can be informal and formal depending of the relationship between the people and the level of important of the information. We need to listen their concern about the children, setting activities, etc and for ours side giving to them feedback about the children progress, newsletter, any type of important information, etc. 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting The communication is once of the more important interpersonal skills in ours work-setting, and it can affect in a positive or negative way on the day to day interaction with the different groups described above . Exist some possible barrier which can interfere in the communication, which can affect directly the relation between you and the people in the work place in a negative form like: Different language or different non-verbal communication interpretation. Speak with a lot of technical or slang language can create misunderstand or wrong message Ã… ¸Cultural and background differences can make that the same thing means different thing between the people, it can difficult the communication. Ã… ¸Personal and emotional situation like distress, upset, etc may make that someone not listen properly therefore misinterpret or do not understand what is being said Ã… ¸People with any kind of special needs to speak, listen, move, hard to concentrate, etc. However, There are many communication skills that we may consider to make that relationship in the setting affect in a positive way such as In verbal communication: Speak calm and clear Using listening skills to check understanding Understanding the communication cycle Knowing how to ask questions effectively Adapt the way of the communication so that the child or adult is able to understand. Understand and respect confidentiality In non-verbal communication: Understand body language messages Use a welcome body language and a positive attitude to communicate Have good empathic skills Show a calm posture If we can have a positive communication with all the people who is part of the work place community, we can build a good teamwork, share information effetely, establishing new relationships, helping children and young people with their problems and conflicts, etc.

Biography of Túpac Amaru, the Last of the Incan Lords

Biography of Tà ºpac Amaru, the Last of the Incan Lords Tà ºpac Amaru (1545–September 24, 1572) was the last of the indigenous rulers of the Inca. He ruled during the time of the Spanish occupation and was executed by the Spanish after the final defeat of the Neo-Inca state. Fast Facts: Tà ºpac Amaru Known For: The last indigenous ruler of the IncaAlso Known As: Tà ºpac Amaru,  Topa Amaru,  Thupa Amaro,  Tupaq Amaru, Thupaq AmaruBorn: 1545 (exact date unknown) in or near CuscoParents: Manco Capac (father); mother unknownDied: September 24, 1572  in CuscoSpouse: UnknownChildren: One sonNotable Quote: Ccollanan Pachacamac ricuy auccacunac yawarniy hichascancuta. (Pacha Kamaq, witness how my enemies shed my blood. Early Life Tupac Amaru, a member of the Incan royal family, grew up in the Incan convent Vilcabamba, the religious university of the Incas. As a young adult, he was against the Spanish occupation and rejected Christianity. Indigenous Incan leaders supported him because of that. Background When the Spanish arrived in the Andes in the early 1530s, they found the wealthy Inca Empire in turmoil. Feuding brothers Atahualpa and Huscar ruled over two halves of the mighty Empire. Huscar was killed by Atahuallpa’s agents and Atahualpa himself was captured and executed by the Spanish, effectively ending the time of the Inca. A brother of Atahualpa and Huscar, Manco Inca Yupanqui, managed to escape with some loyal followers and established himself head of a small kingdom, first at Ollantaytambo and later in Vilcabamba. Manco Inca Yupanqui was assassinated by Spanish deserters in 1544. His 5-year-old son Sayri Tà ºpac took over and ruled his small kingdom with the help of regents. The Spanish sent ambassadors and relations between the Spanish in Cusco and the Inca at Vilcabamba warmed. In 1560, Sayri Tà ºpac was eventually persuaded to come to Cusco, renounce his throne, and accept baptism. In exchange, he was given vast lands and a profitable marriage. He died suddenly in 1561, and his half-brother Titu Cusi Yupanqui became the leader of Vilcabamba. Titu Cusi was more cautious than his half-brother had been. He fortified Vilcabamba and refused to come to Cusco for any reason, although he did allow ambassadors to stay. In 1568, however, he finally relented, accepting baptism and, in theory, turning over his kingdom to the Spanish, although he consistently delayed any visit to Cusco. Spanish Viceroy Francisco de Toledo repeatedly attempted to buy off Titu Cusi with presents such as fine cloth and wine. In 1571, Titu Cusi became ill. Most of the Spanish diplomats were not in Vilcabamba at the time, leaving only Friar Diego Ortiz and translator Pedro Pando. Tà ºpac Amaru Ascends the Throne The Inca lords in Vilcabamba asked Friar Ortiz to ask his God to save Titu Cusi. When Titu Cusi died, they held the friar accountable and killed him by tying a rope through his lower jaw and dragging him through town. Pedro Pando was also killed. Next in line was Tà ºpac Amaru, Titu Cusi’s brother, who had been living in semi-seclusion in a temple. About the time Tà ºpac Amaru was made leader, a Spanish diplomat returning to Vilcabamba from Cusco was killed. Although it is unlikely that Tà ºpac Amaru had anything to do with it, he was blamed and the Spanish prepared for war. War with the Spanish Tà ºpac Amaru had only been in charge for a few weeks when the Spanish arrived, led by 23-year-old Martà ­n Garcà ­a Oà ±ez de Loyola, a promising officer of noble blood who would later become governor of Chile. After a couple of skirmishes, the Spanish managed to capture Tà ºpac Amaru and his top generals. They relocated all the men and women who had been living in Vilcabamba and brought Tà ºpac Amaru and the generals back to Cusco. Dates of birth for Tà ºpac Amaru are vague, but he was approximately in his late 20s at the time. They were all sentenced to die for insurrection: the generals by hanging and Tà ºpac Amaru by beheading. Death The generals were thrown in prison and tortured, and Tà ºpac Amaru was sequestered and given intense religious training for several days. He eventually converted and accepted baptism. Some of the generals had been tortured so badly that they died before making it to the gallows- although their bodies were hung anyway. Tà ºpac Amaru was led through the city escorted by 400 Caà ±ari warriors, traditional bitter enemies of the Inca. Several important priests, including the influential Bishop Agustà ­n de la Coruà ±a, pleaded for his life, but Viceroy Francisco de Toledo ordered the sentence to be carried out. The heads of Tà ºpac Amaru and his generals were put on pikes and left at the scaffold. Before long, the locals- many of whom still considered the Inca ruling family to be divine- started worshiping the head of Tà ºpac Amaru, leaving offerings and small sacrifices. When notified of this, Viceroy Toledo ordered the head to be buried with the rest of the body. With the death of Tà ºpac Amaru and the destruction of the last Inca kingdom in Vilcabamba, Spanish domination of the region was complete. Historic Context Tà ºpac Amaru never really had a chance; he came into power at a time when events had already conspired against him. The deaths of the Spanish priest, interpreter, and ambassador were not of his doing, as they took place before he was made the leader of Vilcabamba. As a result of these tragedies, he was forced to fight a war he may not have even wanted. In addition, Viceroy Toledo had already decided to stamp out the last Inca holdout at Vilcabamba. The legality of the conquest of the Inca was being seriously questioned by reformers (primarily in the religious orders) in Spain and in the New World, and Toledo knew that without a ruling family to which the Empire could be returned, questioning the legality of the conquest was moot. Although Viceroy Toledo was reprimanded by the crown for the execution, he did the king a favor by removing the last legitimate legal threat to Spanish rule in the Andes. Legacy Today Tà ºpac Amaru stands as a symbol for the indigenous people of Peru of the horrors of the conquest and Spanish colonial rule. He is considered the first indigenous leader to seriously rebel against the Spanish in an organized way and, as such, he has become the inspiration for many guerrilla groups over the centuries. In 1780, his great-grandson Josà © Gabriel Condorcanqui adopted the name Tà ºpac Amaru and launched a short-lived but serious rebellion against the Spanish in Peru. The Peruvian communist rebel group Movimiento Revolucionario Tà ºpac Amaru (â€Å"Tà ºpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement†) took their name from him, as did the Uruguayan Marxist rebel group the Tupamaros. Tupac Amaru Shakur (1971–1996) was an American rapper who was named after Tà ºpac Amaru II. Sources De Gamboa, Pedro Sarmiento, History of the Incas. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1999. (written in Peru in 1572)MacQuarrie, Kim.  The Last Days of the Incas, Simon Schuster, 2007.

Emile Durkheim and His Impact on Sociology

Emile Durkheim and His Impact on Sociology Émile Durkheim, one of the founding thinkers of sociology, was born in France on April 15, 1858. The year 2017 marks the 159th anniversary of his birth. To honor the birth and life of this important sociologist, well take a look at why he remains so important to sociologists today. What Makes Society Work? Durkheims body of work as a researcher and theorist focused on how it is that a society can form and function, which is another way of saying, how it can maintain order and stability (See his books titled The Division of Labor in Society  and The Elementary Forms of Religious Life). For this reason, he is considered the creator of the functionalist perspective within sociology. Durkheim was most interested in the glue that holds society together, which means he focused on the shared experiences, perspectives, values, beliefs, and behaviors that allow people to feel that they are a part of a group  and that working together to maintain the group is in their common interest. In essence, Durkheims work was all about culture, and as such, it remains deeply relevant and important to how sociologists study culture today. We draw on his contributions to help make sense of what holds us together, and also, and quite importantly, to help us understand the things that divide us, and how we deal (or dont deal) with those divisions. On Solidarity and the Collective Conscience Durkheim referred to how we bind together around a shared culture as solidarity. Through his research, he found that this was achieved through a combination of rules, norms, and roles; the existence of a collective conscience, which refers to how we think in common given our shared culture; and through the collective engagement in rituals that remind us of the values we share in common, of our group affiliation, and our shared interests. So, how is this theory of solidarity, crafted in the late 19th century, relevant today? One subfield in which it remains salient is the Sociology of Consumption. In studying why, for example, people often make purchases and use credit in ways that conflict with their own economic interests, many sociologists draw on Durkheims concepts to point out the important role that​  consumerist rituals play in our lives and relationships, like giving gifts for Christmas and Valentines Day, or waiting in line to be among the first owners of a new product. Other sociologists rely on Durkheims formulation of the collective conscious to study how certain beliefs and behaviors persist over time, and how they connect to things like politics and public policy. The collective conscious- a cultural phenomenon premised on shared values and beliefs- helps explain why many politicians are elected based on the values they claim to espouse, rather than on the basis of their actual track record as legislators. The Dangers of Anomie Today, Durkheims work is also useful to sociologists who rely on his concept of anomie to study the way violence often crops up- whether to the self or others- in the midst of societal change. This concept refers to how societal change, or the perception of it, can cause one to feel disconnected from society given changes in norms, values, and expectations, and how this can cause both psychic and material chaos. In a related vein, Durkheims legacy also helps explain  why disrupting everyday norms and routines with protest is an important way of raising awareness of issues  and of building movements around them. There are more ways that Durkheims body of work remains important, relevant, and useful to sociologists today. You can learn more about that by studying him, and by asking sociologists how they rely on his contributions.

Variation in Rocky Shore Populations

Variation in Rocky Shore Populations Free Online Research Papers Variation in abundance and distribution of intertidal rocky shore populations in relation to the extremities of the environment Characterized by patchiness in the distributions of abundance of species in space and time, intertidal zones have been studied for decades in order to isolate the several important ecological interactions that cause these diverse assemblages of plants and animals (Underwood Chapman,2000; Underwood Chapman, 1998; Underwood, 2000). In order to recognize these environmental factors, two sampling techniques were implemented to obtain the vertical abundance and distribution of selected biota. By applying basic principles of methodology in both of the two ecological sampling practices, a comparison of patterns of biota was formed, thus the ability to quantify distribution and abundance of species on a rocky shore. This resulted in patterns depicting strong evidence for environmental pressures as a defining element of distribution and abundance. Marked by the upper and lower limits of the tide, the shores intertidal zone is exposed at low tide and immersed at high tide. Sampling took place on a rocky platform of Flinders beach, Victoria, and had a vertical range of between 0 – 95 meters, with 0m being the point furthest from the shore, known as the high intertidal zone, and 110m being the point closest to the ocean, otherwise known as the low intertidal zone. Two sampling methods were employed, each covering at least 95 meters. In the type I technique the area of 0-95 was divided vertically in 5m points, each of which sampling took place. At each transect, quadrats were placed unsystematically on a horizontal axis 3 times over. For each quadrat both selected flora and fauna were identified and tallied either individually or for area cover. In the type II, the area of 0-110m was divided at 10m intervals, where at each sampling took place. At each transect, quadrats were again placed arbitrarily on a horizontal axis, ho wever, this was repeated 6 times as opposed to 3. As in the type I, both selected flora and fauna were accounted for; either as individuals or in area coverage. As a general pattern, organisms appeared to be larger and more complex in the lower parts of the shore. In particular, this pattern was seen true for most mollusc species. As seen in Figure 1, Austrocochlea constricta population density was highest between 20-90m, and seemed to not appear before the 10m transect. The distribution of the species seemed to be fairly constant throughout these 70m. In addition to Austrocochlea constricta, the Siphonaria sp was also not accounted for before 15m transect however did show varying results between the sampling methods in where the abundance was at its peak (Figure 2). Straying from this general pattern, the Notilittorina sp was accounted for only between the 2-40m area, with the abundance most dense at the higher parts of the shore. Most flora seen were accumulated in the latter parts of the shore, with Coralline Red occurring between 20-90m. Coralline Red abundance percentage steadily increased as we moved to the lower parts of the shore. Intertidal habitats are of extensive interest due to the varying microhabitats formed across a shore. The environment of each microhabitat differs, however harsh extremes are experienced at both low-shore and high-shore, and all in between. For an average rocky shore, there are usually two high tides and two low tides per day, and depending on the time of day, some areas of the intertidal zone may be wet or dry (Underwood Chapman, 2000). This can potentially be problematic for the inhabitants of such an extreme environment. Water supply is essential for semi-marine and marine organisms. However, water supply is intermittent. Water is also delivered in the form of waves, which, if applied with enough force, is capable of washing away or dislodge poorly adapted organisms. Due to the formation of these zones, the salt water trapped in the rock pools within does evaporate, elevating salt concentration. However this concentration can alter with rainfall. In addition, the intertidal zone is highly exposed to the sun, hence the temperature can range from very hot to near freezing in frigid climates (Underwood Chapman 2000). The interaction of these four factors presents the intertidal zone as an extreme environment in which to live. In order to survive an intertidal zone, inhabitants must be able to withstand harsh abiotic and biotic stress. As height above sea level increases, the conditions of the intertidal zone strengthens in harshness; there is less moisture, daily changes in pH and salinity and temperature, and isolation is increased. (Womersley King, 1990). As expected, as harshness increased, species diversity generally declined, with fewer species able to withstand such intense stresses (Underwood Jernakoff, 1981). Abiding by this general rule, Austrocochlea constricta provided the perfect example with majority of the sample abundance in both type I and II occurring after 30m. Part of this may be attributed to the feeding patterns of Austrocochlea constricta, which tend to scrape the algal film coating off rocks (Parsons Ward, 1994). However, in the type I sampling, more Austrocochlea constricta were found before 30m than those observed in the type II sampling (Figure 1 5). This could be attributed to many environmental factors, but ultimately the elevation of the rocks and the impact at which waves from the last tide hit those rocks would be a very significant factor. If the area surveyed in the type I had rocks in a closer vicinity to each other, there would be less chance of a high impact wave. Desiccation was also of particular concern on the day of sampling due to the very high temperature of 30 degrees Celsius. With this environmental pressure, Austrocochlea constricta have been known to cluster to conserve moisture (Underwood. . Chapman 2007), therefore we can assume for the higher abundance transects, the molluscs would have been clustered highly rocky creviced area. Going against the norm, there are those species that adapt to the harsh extreme of the high-shore, obtaining the least moisture and risking desiccation. The organisms that locate themselves in the high- mid intertidal zone, such as the Nodilittorina species, common name periwinkles, use their operculum as a ‘trap-door’ like structure to prevent desiccation in the low tide (Reid, 1989). As seen in both the type I and type II sampling in figure 2 6, the majority of the Nodilittorina species was found before 40m, however the peak abundance was seen to differ between type I and type II techniques by 30m. Due to the diverse range of altitudes of rocks found along the rocky shore of Flinders, this discrepancy could easily be accounted as a result of a high elevation of rock within a semi-moist area in the type I sampling, which portrayed the highest abundance of periwinkles at 0m. However, in light of this, this variation could also be a result of a type 1 error, in which the sample gathered was misconstrued or reported incorrectly. Although most species followed a pattern of some kind, samples from Siphonaria species were mirror opposites in the different sample techniques. In type I, as seen in figure 3, peak abundance occurred at the 20m transect and populations were rare after 45m. Opposing this pattern, type II samples indicated that populations were sparse before 60m with a peak abundance t 80m (figure 7). As with the Notilittorina species, this again can be attributed to the extremes of the environment taking place at varying zones in the intertidal region. The rocky shore can ensure that some discrepancy will occur due to elevated rocks, resident rock pools and therefore increased salinity in nearby areas, and the exposure to the sun. In most environments, random sampling is considered to be a true representation of a selected population. However, due to the combination of haphazard sampling and the varying microhabitats within an intertidal shore, it cannot be confirmed that the same conditions of each quadrat were used in both type I and type II techniques, hence a true representation of Siphonaria may not be possible. When focusing on the flora of rocky shores, it is important to note that while the same environmental stresses act upon plants, the respect in which they affect the plants differs from fauna. For ideal growing conditions, algal organisms require decreased emersion, increased moisture, and decreased temperature on a low tide (Underwood Jernakoff, 1981). However while the low tide only occurs twice daily, wave action associated with tide is essential for the existence of the algal. Wave action, while can result in the uprooting of the plant from the substrata, is also important in driving distribution, as it can alleviate desiccation (Lubchenco Menge,1978). Biotic factors also are imperative and influence species abundance significantly. As shown in previous studies of the east Australian coast, particular zones of the intertidal shore are occupied by distinct groups of organisms. In the lowest areas, foliose algae are seen to be copious. (Underwood Kennelly, 1990) However, in the mid-shore zone, encrusting algae, and the presence of gastropod grazers frequent the region (Underwood, 1981). This is reflected the results from Corraline Red in both the type I and type II sampling techniques (figure 4 8). Steadily increasing form 25m, the abundance percentage of coralline red was at its peak when the abundance of the mollusc grazers, Austrocochlea constricta, Notilittorina sp, Siphonaria sp, were at their lowest. Patterns of intertidal species are complex on both minute and larger scales. The patterns, caused from a range of environmental pressures, can change unpredictably and predictability over various time scales. The study at Flinders rocky shore indicated that generally, with decreasing height above sea level, there is increasing species diversity. The presence of algal grazers and physical stresses of living at intertidal regions are dominant causes of variation in the vertical distribution of floral and faunal species. Some environmental pressures particular for that day, such at temperature, may have skewed our results, as it accounts for a strong selective pressure as to which zones species reside. Although the sampling techniques covered a generous area and gave a somewhat true interpretation, the nature and physics of intertidal zones requires repeated surveying to ensure each quadrat for each equal metered transect has similar conditions Research Papers on Variation in Rocky Shore PopulationsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicWhere Wild and West Meet

Foreign students and their experiences Coursework

Foreign students and their experiences - Coursework Example The researcher states that foreign students, otherwise known as international students, continue to form a greater percentage of the learning elite in countries with world-renowned educational systems in the West. Over the last one decade, the number of foreign students in the world has more than doubled, and analysts expect the figure to reach about 7 million by the year 2020. Some of the key destinations for international students are the major English speaking countries: UK, US, and Australia, which enrol nearly 1.5 million students every year, according to 2009 statistics. The major sources for the international students are the emerging economies, where improvement in the economic situations in has led to an unprecedented rise in the number of enrolments in western higher learning institutions. Major non-native English speaking source countries for the foreign students are India and China. Given the differences that exist in the English proficiency between non-native and native English speakers, many analysts believe that English proficiency affects the way students relate with their supervisors. A number of factors push the demand for foreign education. Likewise, a combination of issues and challenges are attributable to non-native English students. Besides issues to do with visa acquisitions, student loans, and cultural clashes, foreign non-native students face significant hardships adjusting to the use of native English as the dominant mode of instruction. (Wehrly, 1986). The challenges of non-native speakers and their use of English language defines the premise for this research, with a particular bend on understanding how English language proficiency affects the way students relate to their supervisors. Consequently, the cultural inclinations of native English speaking supervisors with regard to their teaching methods have overarching implication on the process, and effectiveness of learning for non-native English speaking students (De Wit, 2004). Wit h such an intricate interplay of factors the significance of English language use, against a backdrop of other factors forms an area of concern for many researchers on the subject. The goal of this report is to discuss the importance of English language for non-native students in their communications with their supervisors. Literature Review Previous research on the issues on foreign students and their experiences in Western higher learning institutions offer a good backdrop for subsequent research interest on the subject. For instance, Schmitt (2005) observes that non-native English speaking university students have about 10% the English vocabulary native speakers possess. On the other hand, non-native Englis

Nespresso Entering Kiev Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nespresso Entering Kiev Market - Assignment Example It also includes target market, brand positioning and marketing mix. The report also encompasses market development which shows how Nespresso will survive and struggle. Finally, there is an exit strategy for Nespresso. Thus, this report will give an overall view of the possible hurdles and the outcomes that Nespresso might have to face. Keywords: Nespresso, Kiev, International Market According to Nespresso (2011), â€Å"As the worldwide pioneer, Nespresso redefined the way coffee lovers around the world enjoy their Espresso coffee through a unique combination of premium quality Grand Cru coffees, smart coffee machines and exceptional customer services.† â€Å"Kiev is the capital city of Ukraine, its largest economical, political, educational and cultural centre. Kiev offers endless opportunities for tourism† (Kiev, 2011) From the facts above, it is obvious that Nespresso has been doing great in international markets and Kiev seems to be a good investment for Nespresso. Even so, there are bound to be hurdles and opportunities at the same time. Therefore, the analysis done ahead will give us an insight on how Nespresso will do on entering Kiev. Purpose of the Plan The purpose of this business plan is to analyze the possibility of survival in Ukrainian market, to define the entry, marketing mix, and even to formulate an exit strategy, just in case. The situation analysis will help us learn whether it is feasible for Nespresso to enter Kiev or not. Thus, this business plan will help us foresee the outcomes of Nespresso entering Kiev market. The Idea Kiev is a good place for tourists, plus the people of Kiev not only eat local food but also eat continental food. They have Italian and French restaurants as well. They also like to eat fast food, American and Russian dishes. Thus, given that the people at Kiev have taste buds for food other than local Ukrainian dishes (Kiev, 2011). People all around the world crave coffee and if the coffee you are having is Nespresso then it is difficult to resist. Nespresso does not only give high quality coffee, but also provides an unmatched personal service. These days, service has become just as important as t he product, and Nespresso proves that it is excellent at both and that is what makes it so much better than other coffees. According to Nespresso (2011) â€Å"At  Nespresso, creating the perfect coffee is at the heart of what we do. Delighting coffee lovers is why we do it.† Hence that is basically the idea behind entering Kiev as well, to satisfy not only the need of taste buds but also the need of good service seekers. Situation Analysis In this case, the situation analysis will be done with the help of 5C’s. (Net MBA, 2010) Company Nespresso is espresso made by Nestle, it has a healthy rapport in the market not only locally but also in international market, be it west or east. Nespresso not only produces excellent quality coffee but also gives quality service which a huge plus. It also has a huge range of Nespresso machines which are smart, stylish and user friendly. Collaborators Nespresso works with its Ecollaboration partners to improve its sustainability (Nesp resso, 2011) Customers When it comes to coffee, there are those who go for supreme quality, then there are those who have coffee on daily basis and will go for coffee of any kind, some don’t like plain coffee and like to create drinks that have coffee with caramel, chocolate and other syrups. Nowadays, kids also tend to go for coffee as a beverage. For kids, however, there is more sugar involved. Thus, coffee is for all market segments, and Nespresso can cater to the needs of all. Competitors For Nespresso,

Make a report about tomorrowland festival Research Paper

Make a report about tomorrowland festival - Research Paper Example The nature in which the event draws comparison from other world major events makes it unique and a place to desire. The event creates an ambient atmosphere created by the event organiser makes it dribble with goodness for visitors and performers. The inaugural edition took place in Belgium and was organised by ID&T. the Dutch based company took part in organising the 2005 festival. The festival attracted 180000 attendants. The main performance included Technoboy and Push (Tomorrowland, 2014). The highly published event gave rise to a series of events. The successive years saw a 50000 increase in attendance. The yearly event took place in 2008 attracting a record 1000 DJ’s. In 2013, the first Tomorrowworld festival took place (Tomorrowland, 2014). The Georgia festival in USA attracted 140000 attendances. The extended version of the Belgian festival was a success and gave birth to a number of world Tomorrowworld festivals. The 2014 saw into attendance increase by 10,000 people. The 2015 edition is staged to take place in 2015. Brazil is the chosen as the event country. The festival has won a number of awards including the international dance music awards in 2013 and the Red Elektropedia awards in 2012 as the best festiv al (Tomorrowland, 2014). The festival attracts more than 400 deejays with the 2008 edition attracting a hundred DJs. Other staffs as selected by the human resource department include security and police officer (Tomorrowland, 2014). Their job description allows them to ensure a safe environment needed for the event. The other staff at the festival included the photographers and journalist whose main duty was to ensure the event is documented for future reference. The festival outsourced catering and accommodation services. This included tents and hotel room for the visiting audiences. The available capacity only allows accommodation for the performers thus to cater for the demand

Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creativity - Essay Example As a person puts in years of experience and simultaneously keeps himself retrained in the current developments as explained above, his/her experience becomes that much richer and hence valuable to an organization. This fact is borne by several examples in all fields of employment such as machinists or accountants or front-office executives or management staff etc. Current education is important at all levels since developmental changes occur everywhere all the time - a new machine may have the most up-to-date electronic controls; an accounting software may be upgraded to take care of current laws; a front-office executive may be asked to handle additional tasks; a manager may be slated for a higher post with a significantly changed role, etc. Hence investment in knowledge addition should be considered as adding to the resource base of any organization. In existing employees, the personal records will reflect the existing skills and the need for additional skills. In new recruits, the selection process through skill tests and interview will determine the candidate’s credentials. In exceptional cases, if one has to trade off experience with current education, preference will be given to experience provided the candidate displays a positive attitude towards skill up gradation. A management mistake leads to underperformance by a resource – the resource may be an employee, process / procedure or equipment. Common management mistakes can be identified as a) not matching needs with the means b) deploying under-paid and unskilled employees c) insufficient role clarity d) insufficient delegation e) failing to identify skill gaps and training needs f) lack of succession plans etc. These are just a few of many such short comings in management (dummies.com, 2010). Every organization must have clear cut objectives in both product/service offerings and financial performance. In order

Successful Knowledge Worker Teams-Sheila Coursework

Successful Knowledge Worker Teams-Sheila - Coursework Example People and organizations adopt the Six Cs of Global Collaboration to enable them ensure they work together with their partners in different parts of the world. The three key factors of success for the globally distributed worker teams that I will illustrate are convergence, coordination, and communication. The goals and directives are maintained to be the same for all workers through convergence. A coordinated team ensures teamwork is organized as the team is kept up-to-date by communication. This paper will highlight convergence, coordination and communication as key elements that contribute to the success of knowledge worker teams. The ability of every team member to keep a clear purpose and shared priorities is what is considered in this case. Convergence is among the factors that are considered as the key elements that contribute to the success of knowledge worker teams distributed around the world. There are various reasons why one would be persuaded to ensure his or her team is convergent. The first reason is the fact that clear purpose among the team players is ensured through convergence. The objectives of each member involved in the team are usually directed to one clear goal same as that of the team. Every team leader wants to see his or her team working on one main objective of the team (Cochrane, 2014). Lack of deviation from the goal of the team puts the workers focused towards good performance. Therefore, every team leadership advocates for convergence of the relevant stakeholders of the team. Another main reason why convergence is critical for the success of knowledge worker teams is the fact that when the team is converged it will have shared set of priorities among the members of the team. It is important to have similar priorities as a team since the destructions that cause delayed performance can be avoided (De Felice, 2013). For example,

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Case study - Essay Example Based on sales, each identified product or service is defined by its purchasers. Since there diverse and ever changing nature of products available in the market, the corporation makes supplies to different consumers specifically identified by the purchases made. Across demarcated market regions, some products will sell more than others, although the entire customer base is constituted by all market segments. The second variable is that of broadcasting. The corporation understands that not every market segment requires broadcasting products or services, and as such different customers view broadcasting from various perspectives, thereby constituting variant tastes and preferences. In this regard, Meredith evaluates its broadcasting options prior to the needs of different customers. The third variable relates to regional and social diversity. Different physical regions and social differences create the need for identifiable markets to these factors. In all the three variables, data mining techniques are highly employed to aid the segmentation process (Havaldar, 2010). The target marketing strategy employed by the Meredith Corporation is direct marketing. This involves addressing specific customer needs as they arise. The corporation embraced customer diversity and dynamism in its business. This makes it prioritize its customers’ needs, tastes and preferences. Customers interact directly with the corporation through the corporation’s websites. Through the same websites, their expectations on product development and improvement are collected and used for customer satisfaction purposes. Meredith has developed variety of products for the diverse customer base and market share that it enjoys. Building strong relationships with the right customer guarantees any business enterprise that its operations and performance over rivals are competent enough (Havaldar, 2010). For Meredith

Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creativity - Essay Example As a person puts in years of experience and simultaneously keeps himself retrained in the current developments as explained above, his/her experience becomes that much richer and hence valuable to an organization. This fact is borne by several examples in all fields of employment such as machinists or accountants or front-office executives or management staff etc. Current education is important at all levels since developmental changes occur everywhere all the time - a new machine may have the most up-to-date electronic controls; an accounting software may be upgraded to take care of current laws; a front-office executive may be asked to handle additional tasks; a manager may be slated for a higher post with a significantly changed role, etc. Hence investment in knowledge addition should be considered as adding to the resource base of any organization. In existing employees, the personal records will reflect the existing skills and the need for additional skills. In new recruits, the selection process through skill tests and interview will determine the candidate’s credentials. In exceptional cases, if one has to trade off experience with current education, preference will be given to experience provided the candidate displays a positive attitude towards skill up gradation. A management mistake leads to underperformance by a resource – the resource may be an employee, process / procedure or equipment. Common management mistakes can be identified as a) not matching needs with the means b) deploying under-paid and unskilled employees c) insufficient role clarity d) insufficient delegation e) failing to identify skill gaps and training needs f) lack of succession plans etc. These are just a few of many such short comings in management (dummies.com, 2010). Every organization must have clear cut objectives in both product/service offerings and financial performance. In order

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Case study - Essay Example Based on sales, each identified product or service is defined by its purchasers. Since there diverse and ever changing nature of products available in the market, the corporation makes supplies to different consumers specifically identified by the purchases made. Across demarcated market regions, some products will sell more than others, although the entire customer base is constituted by all market segments. The second variable is that of broadcasting. The corporation understands that not every market segment requires broadcasting products or services, and as such different customers view broadcasting from various perspectives, thereby constituting variant tastes and preferences. In this regard, Meredith evaluates its broadcasting options prior to the needs of different customers. The third variable relates to regional and social diversity. Different physical regions and social differences create the need for identifiable markets to these factors. In all the three variables, data mining techniques are highly employed to aid the segmentation process (Havaldar, 2010). The target marketing strategy employed by the Meredith Corporation is direct marketing. This involves addressing specific customer needs as they arise. The corporation embraced customer diversity and dynamism in its business. This makes it prioritize its customers’ needs, tastes and preferences. Customers interact directly with the corporation through the corporation’s websites. Through the same websites, their expectations on product development and improvement are collected and used for customer satisfaction purposes. Meredith has developed variety of products for the diverse customer base and market share that it enjoys. Building strong relationships with the right customer guarantees any business enterprise that its operations and performance over rivals are competent enough (Havaldar, 2010). For Meredith

Home Mortgage Loan Essay Example for Free

Home Mortgage Loan Essay Shopping around for the best mortgage is a process similar to the acquisition of any other product. A borrower should first shop around for the best loan, then compare the terms, rates and costs being offered. Finally, the borrower should negotiate for the most advantageous deal. The first step is to obtain information from various lenders. It is important to be aware of the different types of lenders, such as banks, mortgage companies and credit unions. The terms of the mortgage may vary with the type of lending institution. As such it is advisable to consider several institutions. It is also important to determine whether or not the person or institution being dealt with is acting as a lender or a broker, and the nature of compensation paid to the person or institution. This is because brokers are often paid fees other than those paid to the lender. The borrower should consider both the interest rate and the additional fees being charged. If the additional cost of paying points is too high, the lower interest rate will not necessarily result in a better financial deal. The second step is to compare the important cost information from the various lending institutions. The borrower should always keep in mind the desired amount of a down payment, and should use this as a basis to research the costs that will be involved in the loan. The loan amount, loan term and type of loan should be clarified in order to enable the borrower to compare the information. The borrower should also consider the nature of the rates offered, and whether it is an adjustable-rate loan. Another point to deliberate is the annual percentage rate of the loan. This is in order to better consider the yearly rate of the points, fees and other credit charges. Other factors to compare include the lender’s requirements for a down payment, and any special programs offered by the lender. Next, the borrower should negotiate for the best deal. Lenders and brokers often offer different consumers with the same qualifications different prices for the same loan terms. These differences can often be attributed to the amount of compensation kept by the loan officers and brokers. One negotiation tactic is to ask the lender or broker to reduce or waive certain fees or to lower the number of points for the loan. Borrowers should be wary of lenders or brokers who appear to lower or waive one fee while raising another fee or increasing points. Finally, when the borrower is satisfied with the negotiated terms, it is often advisable for the borrower to obtain a lock-in from the lender or broker. This lock-in should include the agreed rate, period and number of points to be paid. When obtaining a mortgage, a borrower should first educate himself as to the terms, rates and costs offered by a variety of lending institutions. He or she should then compare the important costs for the transaction. The borrower should then negotiate for the best deal. By taking the time to follow this process, a person will not only be more educated as to the nature of their mortgage, but they may also save a considerable amount of money.

Controlling Organized Crime

Controlling Organized Crime Crime is a part of society. It would be naÃÆ'Â ¯ve to believe that a society could completely rid itself of crime. Crime is based on the perception and the actions of individuals. Some see their actions as good and some see them as bad. The problem with this is that sometimes the perception of those committing negative acts that society views as crimes do not see their actions as criminal. Crime is based on the actions of the individuals and depending upon the moral statutes that the society has brought upon them the society deems what is criminal by what they perceive and have implemented as illegal. In this paper an attempt to identify the problems, which are obtainable, and the innumerable associations recognized through organized crime will be established. We will attempt to designate the legitimate boundaries correlated with contesting organized crime, involving an analysis of the general national laws and stratagems that sustenance this exertion. We will also attempt to propo se a convincing clarification regarding controlled organized crime by examining and assessing the efficiency of organized crime examinations. Problems Although most issues related to social control or moral regulation have a political aspect to them, discussions related to organized crime are steeped in politics-from the creation of illegal markets in the first place, to the declarations of the size of the threat and the passing into force of extra-ordinary legislation to attack the problem (Beare, 1999). Organized crime creates various problems by the relationships that it establishes. Much of these problems come from the idea that organized crime is involved with and has its influence over politics. When organized crime is involved in politics this can have many severe and negative effects for the citizens of the United States as well as for the policy makers within the government. When those involved in organized crime begin to be involved with those elected to make our policies and laws that we live by the representatives of the people to forbid being representing the people any longer, and this makes them corrupt. When our policy makers become corrupt the legal system and what it stands for fails. Corruption in politics created by organized crime is just one example of a problem that these types of relationships can create. Legal Limitations Organized crime presents the leading contemporary challenge to federal and state law enforcement officials (Miller, 1965). The problem that these create occur with the legal limitations and difficulty that serve law enforcement officials concerning charging and arresting is with how these organized crime syndicates perform their illegal activities. They use cloak methods through intricate business transactions through store front, hidden, and fictitious businesses that they use to mask their undercover activities. This method is used to hide the amount of money that the organized crime groups are making through clever bookkeeping and hidden transactions. The goal of the United States law enforcement is to combat illegal activities. The primary legal limitation that is found with organized criminal activity is much of the activity is financial. The schema is presented is that the majority of their actions are based on violence. If this were true an arrest, and a charge would be easier to create but that the majority of the activity is hidden and cloaked financial transactions it makes it much more difficult to track and ultimately catch. Solutions The police do not have magical solutions in its battle with organized crime, (Khoury, 2006). In short many believe that organized crime will never end. It may be combated, it may decrease over time, but it will always exist. The key effort should not be in eliminating organized crime because this is widely viewed as a part of our society that will remain, but more along the lines how those involved and have taken actions that are illegal can be prosecuted. The solutions to preventing organized crime will come through finding ways to track down those involved and charging them with their crimes. The largest and most effective means of deterrence will come from showing those involved that their actions can and will be punished. This should come from more effective training for law enforcement and providing them with a better more efficient means of conducting investigations. Once the criminals involved in the processes of illegal organized crime activity the punishments should be harsh and severe. The deterrence will be extremely effective if those involved will see that the risk they are taking by experiencing involvement is not outweighed by the rewards. Those involved in organized criminal activity need to be aware that if caught their punishments will be severe. Conclusion Organized crime are acts carried out for profit or power, by more than two people acting together over a long or indeterminate period, through the abuse of commercial structures, the use of violence or intimidation, and possessing an effect on political life, the media, public administration, justice, or the economy (ideaconnection.com, 2011). Organized crime has existed after that crime has existed. When there are laws that people disagree with that prevent them from making a profit to improve their lives, those people will find a way to circumvent that law to achieve their goals. Organized crime is largely based on a desire to perform an activity, which is deemed illegal to the gain of the group that disagrees with the law. They see it is a preventative measure to keep them from being successful. Those involved in organized crime have chosen to live a life of crime and use what our society has deemed to be illegal as a profession. They are employed criminals. It would be naÃÆ'Â ¯ ve to say that this will ever end or that there is a specific way to solve or eliminate this from ever happening. The laws and regulations already in place do not work and only prevent law abiding citizens from achieving more because obviously those involved in organized crime already do not abide by the laws. The only way to prevent organized crime is to make fewer things illegal.

Crtitical Thinking & Language Essay -- essays research papers

Our eyes met across the crowded lawn and instantly the dark clouds parted sending rays of light over his hard chiseled body. His steel arms, charcoal hair, and stealth waist made my knees buckle beneath me. All other sounds ceased and a peaceful melody played inside my soul as we slowly began to make our way toward one another. The unspeakable power of his eagle eyes cut into the dark depths of my soul. The tender touch between us sent shards of electricity through my receptive body. A jolt of excitement sent my thoughts soaring to the cold dark depths of despair. The monster of my heart opened the floodgates of past memories painfully stretching the uncultivated areas of my heart. His tender touch began to unravel the secret stranded within. Mending of our wounds began as two bodies entwined in unbridled love beneath a molten moon. The eternal strength of two hearts sealed with the offering of a single ring placed upon her left hand. Thought and language diversity is at the core of the human experience. Are we smart because we have language or do we have language because we're smart? Does the way we talk influence the way we think? Do people who speak different languages think differently? How about people who speak more than one language or those who cannot speak any language? The answers to these questions may be complicated but we can try to make sense of them by using critical thinking. The importance of language is immense; I believe that the more languag...

Hong Kongindia Command and Market Economies :: essays papers

Hong Kongindia Command and Market Economies The world is run with economic systems. Two of these economic systems are the market economy and the command economy. These economic systems both greatly differ and are similar in there ways of controling the factors of production, ownership, and their incentives for efficient production. An area of the world that has a command economy is India. The government controls and makes decisions with the factors of production. The factors of production are the resources used to produce goods and services, such as lonad, labor and capital. Within these socialist areas, there is no presence of motivation, a very important factor in an economy. This is because no matter what they do for their economy, everyboyd will recieve the same pay. For example, a doctor would get paid the same amount as a dishwasher.This creates unmotivation because there is nowhere to progress to. People don’t want to work hard for the same pay as someone who doesn’t. Also, since the government controls the factors of production, and not the individual consumers themselves, it is impossible for the few in power to know the many needs, and conditions of resource availability, within the whole economy. Therefore, many things of importance are not recognized, or over looked and the economy and people suffer from the loss. It is present in these areas of socialism that many of the people suffer from poverty because of this economic system. Hong Kong used to be a command economy. Hong Kong was very poor. This poor area quickly changed over the years into a very prosporous place. This is due to it’s change to the market economy. Hong Kong is also the freest of economies. The United states of america also has a market economy. In a market economy, or free enterprise economy, the individuals own the factors of productin, and make the decisions with them. This is unlike the command econly becaues their government controls the factors of production. The market economy is more effiecent because the individuals decide for themselves how to answer economic questions, looking out for their own personal best interest. This creates motivation, in which the command economy lacks. Entreprenurs also play a large roll in the economy. In Hong Kong, it is extremely easy to start your own business.

Community Service Experience Essay

My community service experience was a very interesting experience because I had to work with elderly people at Brookdale Hospital: The Schulman and Schachne Institute for Nursing and Rehabilitation. The Schulman and Schachne Institute are located at Brookdale Plaza. The Schulman and Schachne Institute for Nursing and Rehabilitation is a voluntary, non-profit, residential healthcare facility dedicated to providing the highest quality of medical care in a homelike environment. This supportive atmosphere is created by the Schulman and Schachne Institute’s dedicated team of healthcare professionals, who are devoted to helping each individual regain health and strength while respecting individuality, dignity and autonomy. My duties were taking care of the elderly, Answering phones with proper greeting, and filing reports and certain patient information. From often time to time, they moved me from floor to floor where as I dealt with different people every day. Every day I came in with a good positive attitude. I prepared their meals and gave them their daily supplies. They also showed me the parts to the hospital, they taught me the little things that I can learn how to do now such as, Wheel and Lock a Wheelchair, Take Patients in and out of there wheel cheer, etc. Every day I spent in the hospital I learned something new I learned what community service really is. I have learned responsibilities that it is not easy to do as to what the nurses do on the regular, and trust me there job is not easy. I truly now know the value of community service, which is providing a service to the community. This type of service gives me a chance to gain working experience, so that I can develop and improve on my working skills, something I lack. I am also able to build on my self-confidence. Community service gives me the opportunity to learn more about myself and my abilities. Doing community service makes me feel complete because I’m doing something that is meaningful to my community where I live. In conclusion, I truly believe that doing community service, is not only doing God’s work, but given back to the community and helping someone less fortunate than me. Working with the elderly, is not easy at all it took time and patience. You have to be patient and encourage them that there is a way and God can make it happen. I love to see the smiles on their little faces every day because this gave me a feeling that I was doing something right not just for my community but for myself. Doing this community service, I felt like I bettered myself in so many ways.

Research design and methodology Essay

Despite the fact that the complete genome of the organism was already sequenced, the specific genes coding for the needed enzymes to form pores in the host cell were still unidentified. With this lack of information, this study is formulated and designed. Culturing of B. bacteriovorus HD100 on prey dependent and prey independent set-ups: Predatory (HD) cultures of B. bacteriovorus HD100 will be grown on E. coli in Ca2_-HEPES buffer at 30Â °C, with shaking at 200 rpm (8). Escherichia coli ML35 and E. coli W7-M5 (10) will be used as the prey throughout the experiments. Escherichia coli ML35 will be cultured in nutrient broth (Difco Laboratories), and E. coli W7-M5, a lysine and DAP auxotroph, will be cultured in nutrient broth supplemented with 0. 2 mM lysine and 0. 1 mM DAP at 37Â °C with shaking at 200 rpm. Prey-independent HI strains will be plated on rich peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium (8). Synchronous cultures: Synchronous cultures will be used for performing various experiments as described below. Briefly, fresh bdellovibrios will be added to prey cells in HM buffer (3 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-1 mM CaCl. LQ. One mM of MgCl2 will be adjusted to pH 7. 6 using NaOH (10). The organisms will be grown until a final concentration of 1010 bdellovibrios per ml and 5 x 109 E. coli per ml is reached. For proper aeration, volumes will be kept to ? 20% of the flask’s volume and incubated at 30Â °C with shaking at 400 rpm. Synchronous cultures will be examined at intervals for attachment and penetration with a Nikon model L-Ke microscope (Nippon Kogaku Inc. ) equipped with phase-contrast optics and a Nikon model AF camera. Time course Microarray analysis. Time course Microarray analysis will be performed to identify the genes to be expressed during the entry phase, specifically during pore formation on the host cell membrane of B. bacterovorus H100. Microarray slides of B. bacteriovorus H100 will be ordered from Advanced Throughput, Inc Services. Total cellular RNA will be extracted from B. bacteriovorus H100 cells at entry phase using the RNeasy mid kit (Qiagen). The RNA of the organism will also be extracted during the other stages of infection. This will serve as a reference for comparison of the genes expressed and not expressed at the desired stage. Complementary DNA synthesis, fragmentation, labeling, hybridization, staining and washing will be performed according to the Affymetrix B. bacteriovorus H100 GeneChip array expression analysis protocol (Affymetrix). Briefly, cDNA will be synthesized from RNA using Superscript II (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA will be removed by alkaline treatment and subsequent neutralization. Complementary DNA will be purified with QIAquick PCR purification columns (Qiagen). Purified cDNA will be fragmented by DNase I (Amersham) at 37Â °C for 10 min followed by end labeling with biotinddUTP, using an Enzo BioArray terminal labeling kit (Affymetrix), at 37Â °C for 60 min. Hybridization will be performed in an Affymetrix GeneChip hybridization Oven 640. Washing and staining will be performed using an Affymetrix Fluidics Station 400. Arrays will be scanned with an Agilent GeneArray Scanner G2500A. GeneChip scans will be initially analyzed using the Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5. 1 software, from which PivotData tables will be exported. Raw data from the PivotData Tables will be analyzed in GeneSpring software version 6 (Silicon Genetics), using the parameters suggested by Silicon Genetics for analysis of Affymetrix Microarrays. Real-time PCR: Real-time PCR using the Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-time PCR system will be performed to confirm microarray results. RNA will be extracted from B. bacteriovorus H100 at initial phases of predatory life cycle up to entry phase as described above. RNA will be reverse transcribed into cDNA and simultaneously labelled using the iScript One-step RT-PCR kit with SYBR Green (Biorad). RT-PCR reactions will also be performed to amplify cDNA of housekeeping genes (identified from micro array studies) for normalization of fluorescence values. Identifying the specific hydrolytic enzymes of B. bacteriovorus which are involved in pore formation on host cell membrane. Many experiments showed that B. bacteriovorus H100 releases hydrolytic enzymes during predatory life cycle. According to Thomashow and Ritterberg, glycanases and lipopolysaccharideases are required for pore formation in the prey’s peptidoglycan and LPS layers respectively. The glycanase and/or peptidase could be responsible for weakening the peptidoglycan layer of the prey and thereby responsible for permitting conversion of the substrate cell to a spherical shape (10). Tudor et al. proposed another model for penetration. According to them peptidase is responsible for pore formation but not glycanase (11). Specific enzymes involved in pore formation are not known. The genes identified from the time course micro array technique will be mutated as described previously using suicide vector pSSK10. Resulting mutants will be complemented by using vector pMMB206 (8). Mutants will be analysed for the specific enzymes (using 2D-gel electrophoresis) and their actions on host cell i. e, as a glycanase, LPSase or peptidase will be observed by radio labelling experiments (10). Wild-type B. bacteriovorus H100 and complemented strains will be used as controls. Radio labeling experiments: Escherichia. coli W7-M5, auxotroph for lysine and DAP and cannot metabolize glucosamine, will be radiolabelled as described previously (9,10). Peptide portion of E.coli W7-M5 peptidoglycan will be labelled with [3H] DAP and the lipopolysaccharides and glycan portions of the peptidoglycan will be labeled with [3H]glucosamine. Various mutants and wild-type strains will be tested for predation using this radiolabelled strain. Solubilisation of glucosamine and DAP from labelled prey peptidoglycan will be measured as described previously (11). Briefly, samples taken at intervals will be precipitated with an equal volume of cold 10% trichloroacetic acid for 30 min followed by centrifugation. Resulting supernatants will be assayed for soluble radioactivity in a scintillation counter (Rackbeta II). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: The hydrolytic enzymes released by B. bacteriovorus H100 during its predatory life cycle will be analyzed by performing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Sample preparation for 2D-gel electrophoresis: Escherichia coli ML35 cells will be challenged with B. bacteriovorus H100 wild-type as well as the mutant strain. Culture fluid will be drawn from synchronous cultures during attachment and entry phases of B. bacteriovorus H100. Culture fluid will be centrifuged to discard any cell debris. Proteins in the supernatant will be precipitated using cold acetone. The precipitated proteins will be separated by centrifugation. The precipitated pellet will be air dried and will be dissolved in rehydration solution (8M urea, 2% CHAPS {3-[3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate}, 18 mM DTT, 0. 5% IPG buffer pH range 4-7; Amersham Biosciences), plus a trace of bromophenol blue. Sample protein concentrations will be determined using the BCA protein assay (Pierce). Resulting protein pellet will be subjected to 2D-gel electrophoresis.

Alternative Finance Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alternative Finance Models - Essay Example After the end of World War II there have been various innovations in the Banking sector and communication and technology have played a major role in aiding these innovations. The question is, however, whether the financial system that countries have been following is reliable or not. The system failed in the recent financial crisis and many countries such as Bangladesh are now finding alternative finance models such as Grameen Banking and the Gulf countries have now introduced Islamic Banking. Both of these models have certain attributes that differentiates them from the conventional Banking system. The choice of the system depends on the nature of the country and the series of policies being followed by the government. According to the World Bank estimate, around 1.3 billion people live on less than a dollar per day. Grameen Bank system was formed in 1976 by Muhammed Yunus, with a vision to eradicate poverty from Bangladesh. (Anon., n.d.) This Bank is designed especially for the poor who have no education, no credit history and no assets to offer to the Bank (Latifee, 2008). The bank also aims to empower poor women who are usually the bread earners of the family (Anon., n.d.). Women in Bangladesh are engaged in activities such as farming or raising poultry and they need small loans in order to meet their daily needs. Furthermore, women in Bangladesh are not educated and lack the basic knowledge about banking activities. The Grameen Bank was formed especially for women in the rural areas who do not have the finances to pay for their children’s education or to pay for basic necessities such as food and water. With the Grameen bank designed especially for the poor these women and men can now go to the bank and avail the financial services like any other individual residing in the urban area. For example women can get loans from the Bank and start up their own business. The loan can be repaid within a period of 3 months or 3 years depending on the amount. There are no requirements for getting the loan but members are usually required to memorize the resolutions proposed by the Bank. These resolutions include statements such as â€Å"I will use clean drinking water, I will wash vegetables with clean water, I will use contraception when possible† and so on. It has been estimated that the population growth in Bangladesh fell after the Grameen Banking system was introduced (Yunus, 1999). The concept of resolutions was Muhammed Yunus’s idea and he wanted to educate the women of his own country and help them improve their standards of living. His strategy has worked and over 5% of borrowers from the Grameen Bank rose above the poverty level and extreme poverty decl ined by 70% in a span of 5 years (Yunus, 1999). The Bank also serves the beggars though its struggling members program. The main features of this program are: The rules of Grameen Bank do not apply to these members and they can form their own rules All loans given to these struggling families are free of interest and they can pay installments in any way they are comfortable with The beggars are not asked to give up begging but they are asked to engage in other income generating activities. The main idea behind this step is to slowly move these beggars away from beggary and introduce them to other income generating activities. Such programs help the poor in ways one could not have imagined. Grameen Bank is probably the first Bank in the history of Banking which is 100% made for the poor and of the poor. The poor own the Bank; after a year of membership they can buy shares in the bank and become members. According to the founder Muhammed Yunus around 94% of the bank is owned

Online Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Online Companies - Essay Example Coupled with the developments in technology, specifically the internet and aviation, and the liberalization of international commerce, globalization is now becoming a reality to many people. One of the most efficient ways to become involve in globalization is through going online, a method that has proved popular and effective for companies of varying sizes and interests. The primary goal of becoming online is to be able to establish presences, gain access or exposure to markets and to survey or gather information regarding prospective markets. Some companies also opt to go online because their competitors do so. Among countries that have joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), a particular development for companies going online is to be able to take advantage of the liberalization of off-shore investments that they can now attract (Tubbs and Schulz, 2006). Establishing presence online attracts attention to the brand and the products regardless of where the company is operating. Being online is a statement of a company's adaptation of technology and competency to follow trends (Murphy, 2006). The efforts can be accomplished independently by the company or by participation in third party hosting. Third party hosting can involve being listed in directories, through page links or by participating in industry profile data basing or participation in online groups and message boards. The core of the objective is to create interest for the brand and product. Gain access or exposure to markets implies that the approach targets consumers. However, this objective may or may not involve actual selling to the target markets and the core of the objective lies in informing potential markets of the product. Access to markets can also include expanding supply and distribution chains. Being online means that another company can find you as a much as you can find suppliers and costumers for one's products. This can also be achieve independently or not however, there are distinct advantage in maintaining independent methods in accessing markets since this can also be a sources of market information and a means of providing support which may not available if one utilizes third party sites (Bly, 2004). Gathering information can be made more efficient online, profile of visitors of the site can give a company an idea who is interested in their products. Most companies online provide registered user privileges in accessing their sites to be able to collect information form users and track usage. This information can be used to develop markets approaches and competitive competencies directly from individuals who already have expressed interest in the brand or product as well as provide channels for marketing and promotion efforts (Perner, 2004). For companies who are trying to find new markets, these information can provide vital information for approaches to the market so that efforts can be streamlined and be cost-effective. Online Companies For the purpose of this paper, there kinds of business that are online will be studied. One of the companies to be studies is Tesco, a large retailing supermarket company based in the UK who has recently adopted online business operation to complement its existing ones. Next is Muji, a

Relations Of Marketing With My Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relations Of Marketing With My Major - Essay Example Management  on the other hand is the act of using available resources well in organizing people with an aim of achieving set goals and objectives. Management involves planning, controlling, decision-making, leadership, and coordination. Management involves company managers and all employees of a company. Marketing relates with my management in many ways aimed at promoting business operations. Management is one of the determinants of marketing. Actually, the management makes marketing decisions while the employees and staff implements the decisions. The management decides what the company will produce, how much will be sold, the selling price, marketing methods, and the staff to carry out marketing. The management organizes the whole organization and the marketing staff. Indeed, the management gives marketing duties and shows how they will take place. In addition, the management trains the marketing team on the marketing strategies to use and the marketing language to use. The manag ement plays a very important role in establishing a good marketing environment. The mode of association between the marketers and the customers originates from the management. The management forms the basis of any marketing strategy that the employees use in selling the company’s products and services. A good marketing strategy encourages the participation of the management and the employees. Indeed, the management coordinates all marketing activities between the company and the customers. The management achieves this by allocating time, locations, and availing materials necessary for marketing operations. The management is also involved in planning all operations of an organization including the marketing operations where the managers are the leaders of such activities. The management not only recruits the marketing team, but also determines the remuneration of the marketing team. In addition, to determine