Ch 1 Financial Acc. Theory and Analysis - 6038 Words

Example Test Questions Chapter 1 Multiple Choice: 1. Which of the following bodies has the ultimate authority to issue accounting pronouncements in the United States? a. Securities and Exchange Commission b. Financial Accounting Standards Board c. International Accounting Standards Committee d. Internal Revenue Service Answer a 2. What historical evidence of the business operations of the private estate of Apollonius was discovered early inthe20th century? a. The Iliad b. Plato s Republic c. The Zenon papyri d. Pacioli‟s work, Summa de Arithmetica Geometria Proportioni et Proportionalita, Answer c 3. Who has been given credit or developing the double-entry system of bookkeeping? a. Francis Wheat b. Fra Luca Pacioli c.†¦show more content†¦Standard setting as apolitical process b. Standards overload c. Economic consequences d. The role of ethics in accounting Answer c 14. Considering and understanding how business decisions affect the financial statements is a. The sole responsibility of the Securities and Exchange Commission. b. Provided in the auditor‟s report. c. Referred to as an economic consequence perspective. d. Interpreted strictly by the company‟s suppliers. Answer c 15. Which of the following is a source of nonauthoritative accounting guidance and literature? a. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statements b. Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretations c. Financial Accounting Standards Board Technical Bulletins d. Practices that are widely recognized and prevalent either generally or in the industry Answer d 16. Which of the following companies was involved in an accounting failure that caused the public accounting firm Arthur Andersen to gout of business? a. Goldman Sachs b. Wachovia c. Enron d. AIG Answer c Essay 1. What is the difference between normative and positive theory? Normative theories explain what should be, whereas positive theories explain what is. Ideally, there should be no such distinction, because a well-developed and complete theory encompasses both what should be and what is. 2. Why is the development of a general theory of accounting important TheShow MoreRelatedDoes Sustainability Reporting Improve Corporate Behaviour?: Wrong Question? Right Time?14566 Words   |  59 Pagesextent to which such reporting should be governed by financial market principles and exigencies. The relationship(s) between social, environmental and financial performance and reporting are of increasing significance in this context and this significance is reflected in considerable growing interest in the business, accounting and political communities. At the heart of the matter, there is the tantalising suggestion that social responsibility, financial performance and voluntary sustainability reporting

The Natural Human Instinct - 1754 Words

The Natural Human Instinct We are all affected by the process of stereotyping. Wyer and Scrull defined stereotypes as abstract knowledge structures linking a social group to a set of traits or behavioral characteristics (3). Bigots aren’t the only ones who have experiences with stereotypes and it is critical to realize that in order to fully understand how everyone is affected by stereotypes. There are stereotypes of various social groups circulating in our culture and we’re all familiar with them. According to Annie Paul, children have definite and entrenched stereotypes about blacks, women, and other social groups by five years of age. (â€Å"Where bias begins: The truth about stereotypes† 52-56). At such a young age, the growing adolescents of the world begin to form an infrangible association with stereotyping. It wouldn’t matter whether one would like to be affiliated with stereotyping or not because ultimately, it is not a choice for one to make. How do people develop stereotypes? If asked this question, one might respond in pointing out the influences of parents or other significant figures and the impact of public media which are not unreasonable answers: The seeds of people’s conceptions of various racial and gender groups are planted in early childhood by influential adults in their lives, and they are fostered and perpetuated through their repeated perceptions of members of these groups in certain social roles as they are portrayed in the media (Wyer and Scrull).Show MoreRelatedStereotyping Is A Natural Instinct That Humans1688 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically, humans have always been separated into groups based on appearance, whether that is concerning body shape, the clothes we wear, or the color of our skin. Stereotyping is a natural instinct that humans have because they feel the need to classify people in order to not feel threatened by them. Humans feel an obligation to know and understand people but do not necessarily want to be associated with them, thus they place people into specific groups, labeling them. One of the primary waysRead MoreHuman Nature: A Compilation of Many Definitions975 Words   |  4 PagesHum an nature is a widely controversial term, because it is so broad. Philosophers, writers, and thinkers throughout time have debated exactly what â€Å"human nature† refers to. Locke, Rousseau and Freud have very differing opinions on human nature. Although in some cases, they seem to contradict each other, the core roots of these three opinions can actually fit together to form a well-rounded definition of human nature: Humans are free at birth, with just primitive, instinctual needs, free to take justiceRead MoreWilliam Goldings The Lord of the Flies† is an exploration into the idea 612 Words   |  3 Pagesis an exploration into the idea of the savage natural instinct of human evil. It is suggested that Golding’s novel is partly based upon his real life experiences with the violence and brutality of World War II. The novel defines the struggle within all humans to differentiate between the learned civilized instinct and the human savage instinct. The civiliz ed instinct is the impulse to obey rules, behave morally, and act lawfully. The savage instinct is the impulse to seek brute power over othersRead MoreEssay on Social and Evolutionary Psychology1041 Words   |  5 Pagesinto a primitive setting. The main contrast in human states that arises from this argument is the concept of civilization versus savagery. Much is uncovered about the path man tends to take when confronted with these two options when studying the research as to what arises from man’s savage tendencies when the restraints of society no longer tame human primal instincts. One such field that explores the instinctual nature of the human psyche is Evolutionary Psychology. The researchRead More Freud and Hedda Gabler: The Wolf Behind the Protagonist1369 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental human instinct. While civilization is just a mechanism used to control the human instinct and place an order so a broader society can function; the basic human is far from controlled. Sigmund Freud in ‘From Civilizations and Its discontents’ suggest that nothing can really control human instinct but rather deter it from its ‘homo homini lupus’(Freud, 1697) nature which translates into man is a wolf to man. This ‘homo homini lupus’ form of instinct suggest a more aggressive side of humans withRead More T.S. Eliots The Wasteland Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesT.S. Eliots The Wasteland Cooperation is the key to human survival, and over time humans have been known to group together to survive. This strategy has allowed humans to develop massive cities and countries of immense power. Without the natural instinct to cling to one another, humans would not be as advanced as they are today, and may not have even made it out of the caves. Many authors display our natural instinct to cooperate in their works, allowing the characters to become more real toRead MoreTwentieth Century Aesop’s Fables: How Ted Hughes Presents Modern Man through the Non-Human.1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the Non-Human. Ted Hughes’ poems mostly explore the world of nature. He uses ordinary animals like crow, pike, and skylark, but adding mythical quality to them. Animals in his world are superior to human and he seems to adore their brutality and instinct. He does not rationalize animal, which is unlike D.H Lawrence. Some criticize him for praising animals’ brutality and putting them on a pedestal, saying that animals are superior to us because they follow their wild instinct. In fact, theRead More Psychoanalysis of Fight Club Using Freudian Concepts Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesof civilization and the human aggressive instincts portrayed in the movie characterize reality. This is going to be achieved using psychoanalytical concepts of civilization and the individual’s inevitable quest for satisfying their instincts as identified in Sigmund Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents. The paper will focus more specifically on the instincts of aggression and self-destruct ion as opposing forces of civilization, and how they impact the purpose of human life in terms of realityRead MoreIs The Human Race?868 Words   |  4 Pagesneurologist and initiator of the concept of psychoanalysis, acquainted civilization as being something inadequate. Thus, civilization enables the human race to feel genuine happiness by outlawing actions that come instinctively by our individual psyche. Freud argues that the human race was born inherently savage, meaning that each individual has inborn instincts that make them barbaric. In his book, Civilization and Its Discontents, he states, â€Å"The element of truth behind all this†¦ is that men are notRead MoreIs It Good Or Bad?1622 Words   |  7 Pagesentirely selfless person, one who will readily give for others, would take the bullet without hesitation because in their mind, nothing matters more than saving a human being’s life. On the other hand, a selfish person would let Person Two die because their safety and well being takes priority over that of others. It is natural instinct for humans to avoid dangerous situations and do what it takes to stay alive. Even though everyone has aspects of selflessness and selfishness woven in them, one is usually

To Spank or Not to Spank Free Essays

string(70) " Found that kids smacked before age 6 grew up to be more successful \." Ednalyn A. Macas English 101-Essay #4 Research Paper-Final Draft May 3, 2012 Child Discipline Strategy: To Spank or Not to Spank? Should child discipline involved punishment that include spanking or hitting? Is it necessary to spank or not to spank a child as a form of discipline? Some parents have no trouble of agreeing with using a few disciplinary measurements to discipline a child. But, most parents argue that child spanking will have a negative effect on the child’s overall being because it teaches the child defiant behavior, it distracts the child from learning how to resolve personal conflict in a humane manner, and it could be abusive for a child. We will write a custom essay sample on To Spank or Not to Spank or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, some parents argue that child spanking is appropriate when a child is performing an action that is likely to cause danger or harm to others, it is also appropriate if followed up with a reason why they are being punished, and appropriate because it encourages disciplined behavior without negative results. There can be common reasons why both sides have the same perspective of just wanting to correct a trouble mannered child. There can be different reasons why it is better not to spank a child. Doctors and researchers conduct so many studies and researches to find out how much spanking causes children to be very different. Spanking teaches children to be rebellious and consequently to develop low self esteem. According to Alice Park, author of â€Å"The Long-Term Effects of Spanking†, she said that, â€Å"Among mothers surveyed in 20 cities when their children were both 3 and 5 years old, nearly half (45. %) reported spanking their 3-years old in the previous month, 27. 9% reported spanking once or twice that month, and 26. 5% reported spanking more than twice. As 5-years old, the children who have been spanked were more likely than the non-spanked to be defiant, demand immediate satisfaction of their wants and needs, become frustrated easily, has temper tantrums and lash out p hysically against other people or animals. † Lashing out on children as a form of punishment teaches them to act aggressively and more violent. They feel unwanted and unloved. They also feel inferior to others, which explains lower self-esteem among children. The common factor of child discipline tactics whether spanking or no spanking is involved contributes to child’s antisocial behavior. It is not about psychopathology disorder. According to a study conducted by Murray A. Straus, Ph. D. and Vera E. Mouradian, Ph. D. Both researchers and pediatricians at family research laboratory at University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Bearing in mind the limitations of the cross sectional design, the findings Suggest that CP (Corporal Punishment) and ICP (Impulsive Corporal Punishment) may be important risk factors for children developing a pattern of impulsive and antisocial behavior. † Severe spanking can lead to some psychological damage to some children. It is also believed that children who are exposed to spanking have more aggressive behavior. Spanking distracts children from resolving personal conflicts in a subtle humane manner as an adult, when they may resort to violence they knew as a child. In an article written by Murray Straus, author of the article, â€Å"New Evidence For the Benefits of Never Spanking† finds that, â€Å"Since aggression is a relatively stable trait, it is not surprising that the more aggressive children now and or later in life are now hitting their wives or husbands. † Instead of resolving things in a humane manner, spanking a child is a way of teaching them that domestic violence is an acceptable form of behavior. Domestic violence happens between couples that were spanked as a children. The abuser believes that hitting his or her partner is for the victims own good because hat is what they believed when they were punished as a child. According to Alice Miller, Psychoanalyst, author of Laid Human Problems to Parental Acts, â€Å"The battering of partners and the spanking of children are not just physical aggressions, but physical aggressions that are intended to function as a method of control, subjugation, and intimidation. Many do mestic violence clinicians have heard the excuse from the abuser that their behavior ‘was for the victims own good. ’ That is our justification for the corporal punishment of our children. Those who are victim of child spanking as a child become adults who do not know how to deal their problems without being violent and harmful. Spanking a child is just cruel because the child is vulnerable and defenseless and learns that violence is acceptable. Spanking is harmful, unkind and inhumane. Carole Jenny, M. D. , M. B. A. , author of Spanking should not be Lawful, stated that â€Å"What do you teach children when you spank them? † â€Å"I am bigger and stronger than you therefore I can make you do what I want by inflicting pain on you. Spanking teaches a child that hurting others is a way to change their behavior. When we hit children, we do so knowing that we are not ourselves in danger because of our size and strength. We would not hit children if we knew there was a chance they could return blows and hurt us back. † I have a friend who spank her child every time her child acts according to her unacceptable behavior list. And this child attacks my child without hesitation even if I am watching. Her child thinks it is alright to hurt others. It is not right to hurt children who can’t defend themselves and just wanted to be loved and nurtured by those parents who wanted them in the first place. However, some parents believe that spanking is essential in raising a well-mannered and disciplined child when combined with an explanation. An example of this is when a child is performing an action that is likely to cause danger or harm to others. Stopping a child by spanking them before doing harm to themselves or others is a form of discipline. Marjorie Gunnoe, author of â€Å"Spanking And Misbehavior. Found that kids smacked before age 6 grew up to be more successful . You read "To Spank or Not to Spank" in category "Essay examples" . . Gunnoe, who interviewed 2,600 people about being smacked, told the [London] Daily Mail: â€Å"The claims that are made for not spanking children fail to hold up. I think of spanking as a dangerous tool, but then there are times when there is a job big enough for a dangerous tool. You d on’t use it for all your jobs. â€Å"? Another example of this argument is a scene where a witness walking through a nearby playground one day and see a group of young children playing ball. He sees a young boy attack another child, punching the other child and giving him a black eye and taking the ball from him. Then he sees the other young boy’s mother spank him on the buttocks with her hand. Few people also agree that they were a better person because their parents discipline them at a young age. Some also says it is the last resort to stop an uncontrollable and unacceptable behavior. Training children at an early age about how to manage their anger and limitations is crucial. It will contribute to their overall well being as children with moral standards and self- control. The Bible says, â€Å"He who spares the rod hates his son: but he that loves him corrects him betimes† (proverbs 13:24) and â€Å"Withhold not correction from a child: for it thou strike him with the rod, he shall not die. † â€Å"Thou shall beat him with the rod, and deliver his soul from hell. † (Proverbs 23:13-14) (These Last Days Ministries, Inc. ) So spanking is not merely abuse and immoral way of disciplining a child but simply a way of correcting a behavior that will abstain the child from doing evil and going to hell. Appropriate use of spanking encourages good positive behavior without negative results. Indeed, disciplinary spanking can fall well within the boundaries of loving discipline and need not be labeled abusive violence. According to Den Trumbull, M. D. and S. DuBose Ravenel, M. D. , authors of â€Å"Spare the Rod† and â€Å"The Research Challenges Spanking Critics† Agrees that, â€Å"Obviously, excessive or indiscriminate physical punishment is harmful and abusive. However, an appropriately-administered spanking of a forewarned disobedient child is not harmful when administered in a loving controlled manner. Spanking should typically involve one or two swats in the buttocks. Cultural background and life experiences contributes on why there are spanking parents. Parents who spank their children support their arguments on the basis of their personal experiences and beliefs. It also related to their cultural background on why they punish their children or they are a firm bel iever that discipline is a form of love to a child by showing them how to control their behavior and be a well-mannered individual. A study about families who migrated from Caribbean and the Philippines was conducted to find out why most of the parents who migrated from these countries brought their discipline tactics with them and apply it here in America. ( Based from, â€Å"Caribbean and Filipino Adolescents’ and Parents’ Perceptions of Parental Authority, Physical Punishment, and Cultural Values and Their Relation to Migratory Characteristics. † (Canadian Ethnic Studies). It usually the first generation family that migrated in either the USA or Canada that still values their cultural upbringing and passing it to their children. The second generation are the one who will hesitate to do it, afraid of violating the law of the land that they know and grew up in. Spanking teaches children to be defiant and rebellious and could result to poor self esteem. Spanking may also be a simple swat in the butt followed by an explanation why a child is being punished. Spanking teaches children from dealing their emotions into physical and violent way instead of resolving their problems in a more mature manner as an adult because this is how they were treated as a child. But when spanking is use appropriately creates a disciplined and well mannered behavior. To some culture spanking is acceptable and it is the only way to raise a decent individual. It could be the parents cultural roots that gives them the thinking that it is fine to punish their children. But to most Americans it is cruel and spanking a defenseless child is a form of violence and it is not acceptable. Parents’ social status also contributes to whether they are an advocate or not to child spanking. All aspects include educational attainment, socio economic background, and marital status. A single parent, a low income parent and a low income parent is more likely aggressive in spanking their child than their counterpart, while its counterpart has more options, knowledge and self-control in dealing children. Cindy Juby, Author of the article, Child Adolescent Social Work Journal, â€Å"This study examines the mediating effect of parental attitude in the relationship between environmental factors (educational attainment, income status, and marital status) and disciplinary methods used by parents. † Parenting is both challenging and rewarding. Parents should know their limitation when it comes to child spanking. Knowing boundaries and ways of disciplining a child without hurting them. Some people avoid it completely and some just simply say, â€Å"I was spanked as a child and it did helped me, and so will my children. † Parents should be able to differentiate child abuse and child discipline to correct a misbehaving child. Spanking a child in public is unacceptable and it may only embarrassed a child and will likely not understand. It will also result why the child is defiant and disrespectful. Follow up by explaining why the child was punished is an important step most parents forgot to do. Consistency is also the key to a successful child discipline. A parent who punish a child sometimes on the same offense would confuse a child. Parents should know that too much beyond spanking is a child abuse. Spanking should be a punishment and not an assault or abuse to a helpless child. Work Cited Gunnoe, Marjorie Lindner, and Carrie Lea Mariner. â€Å"Spanking And Misbehavior. † Harvard Mental Health Letter 15. 5 (1998): 7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 May 2012. Jenny, Carole. Spanking Should Not Be Lawful. † Brown University Child ; Adolescent Behavior Letter 25. 5 (2009): 8. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 May 2012. Juby, Cindy. â€Å"Parental Attitude: A Mediating Role In Disciplinary Methods Used By Parents. † Child ; Adolescent Social Work Journal 26. 6 (2009): 519-531. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Hassan, GhaydaRousseau, CecileMeasham, To byLashley, Myrna. â€Å"Caribbean And Filipino Adolescents’ And Parents’ Perceptions Of Parental Authority, Physical Punishment, And Cultural Values And Their Relation To Migratory Characteristics. Canadian Ethnic Studies 40. 2 (2008): 171. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Miller, Alice. â€Å"Laid Human Problems to Parental Acts. † The New York Times, April 26, 2010 Park, Alice. â€Å"The Long-Term Effects Of Spanking. † Time 175. 17 (2010): 51. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Straus, Murray A. â€Å"Should There Be A Law Banning Spanking Of Children?. † U. S. News Digital Weekly 3. 36 (2011): 17. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Trumbull, M. D. and S. DuBose Ravenel, M. D. â€Å"Spare the Rod? † The Research Challenges Spanking Critics. Web. 01 May 2012. How to cite To Spank or Not to Spank, Essay examples

Comparing Classical and Romantic Music Essay Example For Students

Comparing Classical and Romantic Music Essay Comparing Classical and Romantic Music through the finale of Mozart Clarinet Quintet and Mailers Symphony no. L in D major Titan By steps_eve The Music of the classical and Romantic era is a period of time where it shows the development and different styles of music. This can be shown through the manipulation of musical elements, (dynamics, pitch, tempo, rhythm, texture, meter, tonality, structure, melody, harmony, instrument) while contrasting them, but it can also be shown through the composers of the music, the size of the orchestra, musical directions, emotional content, and non-musical developments through that period of time. After the Renaissance and the Baroque era, the Classical era soon followed at around the 1720-sasss. During these times in Europe, there were many non musical developments, ideas of the enlightenment, political issues, scientific discoveries and the reexamination of established ideas, including the existence of God. Many of these ideas and has got huge impact on the heavy Monumental baroque style and later developed with a more intimate rococo style, with its light colors, curved lines, and graceful ornaments, which greatly resembles the classical period. Shortly after the Classical period, the Romantic era appeared during the 1820-sasss. At these times, non-musical developments such as cultural movements strongly expressed emotion, imagination, and individuality. People such as Romantic painters and writer often emphasized the freedom of expression; they often saw political revolution as a reflection of their own struggles for artistic freedom. This had made a huge impact on Romantic music, because the emotional subjectivity turned into a basic quality of Romanticism. Comparing the musical elements of Classical era and Romantic era, we would notice the many differences, and hence we can identify and recognize the music of both eroded. The first musical element that I will discuss is rhythm. As we can see, the rhythm of the Classical era tends to be less complex and quite repetitive. Classical style usually includes unexpected pauses, syncopation, and frequent changes from long notes to shorter notes, and the change from one pattern of note lengths to another may be either sudden or gradual. As we can see in the Finale of Mozart Clarinet Quintet, we can see that during each of those variations, the rhythms are not very complex and quite repetitive, for example, the first 3 8 bars of the introduction n Mozart Clarinet Quintet show a somewhat consistent rhythm consisted 4 of crotchets each bar, the 2nd variation show a consistent rhythm of 4 sets of triplets between the 2nd violin and viola, the 3rd variation shows a consistent rhythm of 4 sets of semi-quavers in each bar, with the clarinet normally. Through what I have changed to shorter and shorter, in this case, from 4 crotchets to 4 triplets to 4 semi- quavers. Also, in variations like Mozart clarinet quintet, triplets and syncopation can be found frequently. In contrast, romantic music tends to not emphasize that much on simple and consistent rhythms. There are often changes in the number of beats in a measure, cross-rhythms, syncopation, etc. For example in Mailers Symphony no. L in D major Titan, consistent notes goes against syncopation, there are accompaniments with skips and staccatos etc. (p. 16)Both Classical and Romantic eras have written musical directions, unlike Renaissance and Baroque which does not have any. Moreover, I have noticed that the musical directions of both pieces have extreme differences. As we see in Mailers symphony no. L in D major titan 3rd movement, there are many written musical directions: dynamic, emotional, tempo directions. For example, in the first 20 bars, there are already 7 written musi cal directions, whereas in Mozart clarinet quintet, there are extremely small amounts of written musical directions, only 2 written musical directions in the first 20 bars. This significantly shows that there are differences in the use of written musical directions in the Classical and Romantic era. Classical and Romantic music has differences in melodies and structures too. In classical music, the structures emphasize more the grace of proportion and balance, moderation and control; polished and elegance in character with expressiveness and armor structure held in perfect balance. Furthermore, the forms do not vary as much as the Romantic era, they had forms like sonatas, symphonies etc. The melodic phrases are usually balanced and symmetrical made up of two phrases of the same length. For an example, in Mozart Clarinet Quintet, the music is very symmetrical and well balanced, in a variation form. However, in Romantic music, they rather emphasize on the emotional content than trying to sound balanced and symmetrical, and expanded their use of forms and created new forms, like impromptu, ballade, etude, nocturnes etc,. Moreover, the melodies normally have either really long or short phrases, increased in range, but also increased in chromatics. Arlo Guthrie EssayAs we can see in Mailers symphony no. L Titan, the texture is pretty thick in general, due to the size of the orchestra which creates density, and during the bars of 134-137, the whole orchestra is used, which creates the intense and climax moment. In general, although both Classical and Romantic music are mainly homophobic, the thickness of the texture is contrasted significantly. Chromatics was also used differently in the Classical and Romantic era. In the classical era, melodic chromatics was used frequently (especially by Mozart) to balance the harmonic plainness. In its simplest form of chromatic scales, it occurs a lot in unaccented passing notes. Melodic chromatics does not usually affect the harmony; it is mainly used for color-modification of diatonic notes, to add tone color by composers. However, Romantic music generally uses chromatics to form the musics harmonies and create chords. This helps the composer to expand the emotional contents and express a few different emotions of the musical piece. In general, chromatics was used very differently in the Classical and Romantic era. Cadenza chords of Classical and Romantic music is similar, but you can say that addenda chords of Romantic music are built on top of the cadenza chords structures of Classical music. In Classical music, they generally have a cadenza chord structure of I V- l. In Mozart clarinet quintet, the cadenza chords can easily be recognized as chords I V- l, as we can see in the first 16 bars. In Mailers symphony no. L in D major titan however, the cadenza consist of only chord I from bar 158 to the end, 1 1 bars all written in chord l. This type of chord structure is seldom found in Classical music, because Classical music usually ends a piece of music in an authentic dance, appeal cadence, or deceptive cadence. In Romantic music, these cadences are still used, but composers like to end their music in their own unique way, Just like Mailers symphony no. 1 in D major. Another difference that I have noticed between Classical and Romantic music is the size of their orchestra. In a Classical orchestra, there are normally only 20-60 players, which involve strings: 1st 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses. Woodwinds: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons. Brass: 2 French horns, 2 trumpets. Percussion: 2 timpani. However, towards this end of the Romantic era, the orchestra might have included around 100 musicians. The constant expansion of the orchestra reflected composes changing needs as well as the growing size of concert halls and opera houses, due to technological advances. The brass, woodwind and percussion sections of the orchestra took on a more active role, calling for trombones, tubas, and more horns and trumpets. The woodwind took on new tone colors such as contrabass, bass clarinet, English horn and piccolo. Orchestral sounds became more brilliant and sensuously appealing through increase uses of cymbals the triangle and the harp. Imposers express their emotion and creating emotional intensity. Composers from the Classical Period tend to focus more on the structure of music, creating music that is structural and compact in form, and captures our attention by the beauty and structure of the music, which usually Just expresses one emotion. However, composers from the Romantic Period focused more on depicting their emotions in their music, emphasizing on expression rather then structure, expressing several different emotions. When we compare Mozart Clarinet Quintet to Mailers Symphony No. In D major Titan, Mozart Clarinet Quintet tends to be more focused on perfecting the harmony between the different melodies and also the structure and forms, while Mailers Titan emphasized much more on the emotional content. In short, Classical music tends emphasize on the beauty of balanced structures, expressing one emotion, while Romantic music tends to express more emotional contents, expressing several different emotions. In general, the music of Classical and Romantic era are very different in many ways, in all aspects of the elements, dynamics, pitch, tempo, rhythm, texture, meter, analogy, structure, melody, harmony, instrument, and especially how they express their emotional contents.