The Roman Catholic Church Responded Treatment - 1645 Words

The Roman Catholic Church responded treatment of Luther, Huguenots in France, relationship with the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jesuits and the Council of Trent, treatment of Galileo and other scientists very differently. Luther was called before Emperor Charles V to recant his beliefs. Although some German Princes sided with Luther, it was still declared an outlaw. He protected by a German Prince Frederick the Wise. He translates Erasmus’ Greek Bible into German. Holy Roman Emperor and the RCC were political allies. Prince’s allied with Luther to indirectly challenge the emperor. Huguenots in France worked to reform the rest of France, but the Catholic King Henry III was not about to let that happen. King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, this resulted in driving out hundreds of thousands of his best citizens abroad. The monks at Cluny were challenging the power of the Holy Roman Emperor, there was also the idea of separation of church and state. By 1050, King Henry I II appointed the Pope he liked which was Clement II. After his death the archbishops were able to elect the Pope. Henry IV had a serious threat to his stability. He made his bishops swear loyalty to him. When Gregory excommunicated Henry he begged for forgiveness and he got it; after Henry was back to placing bishops, he was excommunicated again. The Germans were eager to see a weakened king siding with the church. The Holy Roman Empire was no way united, still very strong, but they had no control over itsShow MoreRelatedThe Great Leader Was Martin Luther1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Catholic Church: there must have been others who loathed indulgences or were cognizant that the papacy often corrupted its power. However, Luther was the one to gather his ideas and stand up against the Church, for the sake of Christianity and its followers. Even though he often faced the threat of harsh consequences, he never recanted his teachings or gave up hope. 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As defined by the Merriam-WebsterRead MoreExamine the Role of the Church in Spain’s Conquest and Colonization of Continental America.2381 Words   |  10 PagesQuestion: Examine the role of the Church in Spain’s conquest and colonization of continental America. The role of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain’s conquest and colonization of continental America was a two-fold process whereby under the faà §ade of conversion and control lay the primary goal of gaining wealth, enforcing laws and the inevitable extension of control while condoning the beginnings of European slavery in the Caribbean.[i] Alternately, behind the movement for converting IndiansRead MoreTypes Of Exorcism1875 Words   |  8 Pagesat all like one would witness on the big screen. In fact, most Christians have probably said a form of minor exorcism prayer since the Our Father is considered to be one. There are three main forms of exorcism that is practiced within the Anglican Church: exorcism of objects, places and people. Objects – Almost any object, other than a holy one, can be â€Å"infested.† Places – Some examples of the cause of unwanted activity within a place, according to the Exorcism: The Findings of a Commission ConvenedRead MoreItalian Painting From The Baroque Era2241 Words   |  9 Pages Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation had really stirred the religious pot. In the early 1600’s, the Catholic Church responded with the Counter Reformation which propelled the Baroque movement and its artistic aim of making Catholic theology appeal to the masses. Biblical stories with drama and movement were some of the ways Baroque artists sought to engage the viewer. Baroque dominated most of the seventeenth century Europe and later developed into the Rococo style later during the eighteenthRead MoreSlavery in Latin America vs Us3432 Words   |  14 Pagesattained through mayhem. The Spanish and Portuguese army was no match for the Indigenous people. The Inca Curacas and the Aztec Tlatoani administered forced labor, classified as Accion Civica Repubicla (civic service to the republic), and brutal treatment of the crown’s appointed Corregidores on the Indians. Before the Africans came, the Indigenous’ society was destroyed and depopulated through violen ce, along with disease. Due to the depopulation, the slaves were brought from areas of Africa. TheyRead MoreThe Black Death : Research Due Friday 161707 Words   |  7 Pagesthe swift spread of the virus as they could have weakened the immune system significantly Society and Medicine The response of the people and their medical knowledge Society responded in many a different way in regards to the Black Death, but all were unprepared and frightened by the disease. Common practices Medical Treatment †¢ â€Å"Traditional† methods like blood-letting did nothing more than expose the doctor to the bacteria, thus actually helping to spread the disease. †¢ A common belief was that theRead MoreEssay on Book Report, Here I Stand: a Life of Martin Luther3404 Words   |  14 PagesThird Printing Hardback March 2011. Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, LLC, 1950. Bainton’s Here I Stand is a chronologically arranged biography of Martin Luther’s life which seeks to show his philosophy and ideas for the reform of the Catholic Church without seeking to perform psychoanalysis of the Reformer. The book has twenty two chapters separated in groups of various events in Luther’s life. These different episodes are then further divided by concentrations of ideas or events that

Terrace garden free essay sample

In gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised flat paved or graveled section overlooks a prospect. A raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides a transition between the hard materials of the architecture and softer ones of the garden. We have a very long tradition of gardening and landscaping. Our literatures and mythologies are full of references to these. Man always thought of natural landscape as his ideal habitat. Adam originally lived in the Garden of Eden. Most of the world mythologies place that the men of primitive people build their abodes considering themselves as part of landscape. Mans fascination for landscaping never decrease. The Egyptians had elaborate gardens with many types of birds. Romans were fond of gardens in their villas. Chinese reveled in garden designs. English, Italian and Japanese made an effect to innovate landscape ideas. And Persians developed a concept of paradise the garden with all landscape elements. In turn, Babylonians built terrace upon terrace of gardens which were designed using the Persian landscape elements. These gardens are not created on constructed terrace but the site actually terraced. They gave rise to idea that we can have gardens on terraces separated from the ground by concrete slab. JUSTIFICATION Terrace gardens are most often found in urban environments. Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption. The primary cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the city and the storage of this heat in the building material and its subsequent re-radiation. Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration, do not rise more than 4–5  °C above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. This then translates into a cooling of the environment between 3. 6 and 11. 3 degrees Celsius (6. 5 and 20. 3  °F), depending on the area on earth (in hotter areas, the environmental temperature will cool more). The study was performed by the University of Cardiff. A study at the National Research Council of Canada showed the differences between Terraces with gardens and Terraces without gardens against temperature. The study shows temperature effects on different layers f each Terrace at different times of the day. Terrace gardens are obviously very beneficial in reducing the effects of temperature against Terraces without gardens. â€Å"If widely adopted, Terrace top gardens could reduce the urban heat island, which would decrease smog episodes, problems associated with heat stress and further lower energy consumption. † Becoming green i s a high priority for urban planners. The environmental and aesthetic benefits to cities are the prime motivation. It was calculated that the temperature in Tokyo could be lowered by 0. 11–0. 4  °C if 50% of all available Terrace top space were planted with greenery. This would lead to a savings of approximately 100 million yen. Singapore is very active in green urban development. Terrace gardens present possibilities for carrying the notions of nature and open space further in tall building development. When surveyed, 80% of Singapore residents voted for more Terrace gardens to be implemented in the citys plans. Recreational reasons, such as leisure and relaxation, beautifying the environment, and greenery and nature, received the most amounts of votes. Planting Terrace gardens on tops of building is a great way to make city more efficient. The planters on a Terrace garden may be designed for a variety of functions and vary greatly in depth to satisfy aesthetic and recreational purposes. These planters can hold a range of ornamental plants: anything from trees, shrubs, vines, or an assortment of flowers. As aesthetics and recreation are the priority they may not provide the environmental and energy benefits of a green Terrace. Planting on Terrace tops can make urban living more self-sufficient and make fresh vegetables more accessible to urban people. NEED OF TERRACE GARDEN Terrace gardens are becoming a common feature in todays urban environment. The phenomenon of landscaping on the terraces and Terrace tops has evolved due to excessive exploitation of the urban land. Bricks, concrete and asphalt have replaced greenery on horizontal as well as vertical planes. Skyscrapers, parking areas and network of roads have acquired a major of urban land. The modern means of transport compels us to create amenities such as bus- stands, railway stations and airports which have pushed away the vegetation and natural green spaces from acres of urban land. In such congested environment, Terrace tops and terrace of buildings provides a valuable potential source of outdoor space accessible to users of buildings. Behind the idea of terrace gardens and Terrace top landscapes is an urge to bring back greenery, which is pushed away from urban areas. These are necessarily green areas created on the concrete slabs. Their need has increased with designing of high- rise buildings which deprive their occupants of any visual contact with nature. Terrace gardens bring back this missing link between the man and nature, though on moderate scale. Terrace gardens improve the quality of view from the surrounding higher buildings and can be specifically designed to be viewed from above. In cities around the world, terrace gardens are commonly created at three different levels, which are: i. On Terrace top of a building. ii. Porches, window boxes, portico balconies and such projected levels out of tower block, above the ground level iii. At the podium level, around the base or on Terrace of large basements. Terrace gardens, designed with proper understanding of basic requirements and structural care, are able to create a pleasant natural environment at any level in the building. Terrace landscape provides the outdoor areas for social inter- change that otherwise is almost impossible to obtain in densely developed cities. This, in turn goes a long way in bringing about the much needed psychological and physical relief to stresses and strains of todays urban life. APPLICABILITY â€Å"In an accessible Terrace garden, space becomes available for localized small-scale urban agriculture, a source of local food production. An urban garden can supplement the diets of the community it feeds with fresh produce and provide a tangible tie to food production. At Trent University, there is currently a working Terrace garden which provides food to the student cafe and local citizens. Available gardening areas in cities are often seriously lacking, which is likely the key impetus for many Terrace gardens. The garden may be on the Terrace of an autonomous building which takes care of its own water and waste. Hydroponics and other alternative methods can expand the possibilities of Terrace top gardening by reducing, for example, the need for soil or its tremendous weight. Plantings in containers are used extensively in Terrace top gardens. For those who live in small apartments with little space, square foot gardening, or (when even less space is available) living walls (vertical gardening) can be a solution. These use much less space than traditional gardening (square foot gardening uses 20% of the space of conventional rows; ten times more produce can be generated from vertical gardens). These also encourage environmentally responsible practices, eliminating tilling, reducing or eliminating pesticides, and weeding, and encouraging the recycling of wastes through composting. The regions where these incentives will most likely be found are areas where failing storm water management infrastructure is in place, urban heat island effect has significantly increased the local air temperature, or areas where environmental contaminants in the storm water runoff is of great concern . An example of such an incentive is a one-year property tax credit is available in New York City, since 2009, for property owners who green at least 50% of their Terrace area. AIM The difference you feel when you go from an asphalt parking lot to a tree-shaded park on a hot summer day. It is also the difference in temperature between a city and the rural area that surrounds it. Dark surfaces absorb and radiate heat, raising temperatures as much as 6 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. The result is more than uncomfortable. It has consequences for our environment, our checkbooks and our health. If your Terrace top is a dark color, you are paying too much for your air conditioning. These dark surfaces absorb heat, and so it takes more energy to cool the building’s interior. Not only must your air conditioner work harder to keep your building cool, but power plants, one source of air pollution, must work overtime to keep up with the increased demand for energy. The result is higher prices and degraded air quality. The key to reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect is to reduce the total area of dark, heat-absorbing surfaces such as Terrace and pavement. Dark Terraces can be made cooler by coating them with reflective materials, similar to the way light clothes are more comfortable than dark clothes on a hot day. Many light-colored roofing materials cost about the same as dark-colored Roofing materials. Solar panels are another solution. They help shade a Terrace in addition to generating clean, renewable energy. The use of vegetation on a Terrace is an excellent option. Plants reflect heat, provide shade, and help cool the surrounding air through evapotranspiration. A Terrace garden cuts the energy use within the building, especially for cooling. The insulation a garden provides helps conserve both heating and cooling energy. Terrace top gardens absorb rainfall and reduce urban runoff that otherwise would collect pollutants and empty into sewers. A Terrace garden filters and moderates the temperature of any water that is released to the sewer. In addition, plants actually filter the air. Plants improve air quality by using excess carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. On a neighborhood or regional level, temperatures are lowered and air pollution is reduced when the overall area of dark surfaces is reduced and the area of reflective and shaded surfaces is increased. The layers of a Terrace garden protect the constructed Terrace from damage and can extend both the warranty and the useful life of the Terrace. A Terrace garden can add usable leisure space to a property that is attractive not just to people, but to wildlife such as birds and butterflies. In fact, limited land resources, expensive sources of energy, and ancient sewer systems overwhelmed by storm water runoff have all contributed to the success of the green terrace gardening in urban areas of all over the world. Tokyo, is the first city to mandate building vegetation must constitute 20 percent of all new construction. OBJECTIVE Terrace gardens are used to: †¢Reduce heating (by adding mass and thermal resistance value) A 2005 study by Brad Bass of the University of Toronto showed that green Terraces can also reduce heat loss and energy consumption in winter conditions. †¢Reduce cooling (by evaporative cooling) loads on a building by fifty to ninety percent, especially if it is glassed in so as to act as a terrarium and passive solar heat reservoir – a concentration of green Terraces in an urban area can even reduce the citys average temperatures during the summer †¢Reduce storm water runoff Natural Habitat Creation †¢Filter pollutants and carbon dioxide out of the air which helps lower disease rates such as asthma Filter pollutants and heavy metals out of rainwater †¢ Help to insulate a building for sound; the soil helps to block lower frequencies and the plants block higher frequencies †¢ If installed correctly many living Terraces can contribute to LEED points Increase agricultural space. With green Terraces, water is stored by the substrate and then taken up by the plants from where it is returned to the atmosphere through transpiration and evaporation. Green Terraces not only retain rainwater, but also moderate the temperature of the water and act as natural filters for any of the water that happens to run off. Many green Terraces are in many green Terraces are installed to comply with local regulations and government fees, often regarding storm water runoff management. In areas with combined sewer-storm water systems, heavy storms can overload the wastewater system and cause it to flood, dumping raw sewage into the local waterways. Green Terraces decrease the total amount of runoff and slow the rate of runoff from the Terrace. It has been found that they can retain up to 75% of rainwater, gradually releasing it back into the atmosphere via condensation and transpiration, while retaining pollutants in their soil. Often, phosphorus and nitrogen are in this category of environmentally harmful substances even though they are stimulating to the growth of plant life and agriculture. When these substances are added to a system, it can create mass biological activity since they are considered limiting factors of plant growth and by adding more of them to a system, it allows for more plant growth. SCOPE In fact, limited land resources expensive sources of energy, and ancient sewer systems over whelmed by storm water runoff have all contributed to the success of the terrace gardens in urban areas . Over 800 green roofs can be found in Germany alone, a leader in building codes and incentives for green roof installation. In Asia, Japan has become a center for green roof technology. Its capital, Tokyo, is the first city to mandate building vegetation must constitute 20 percent of all new construction. Green roofs have been installed across America in steadily increasing numbers over the past decade, and research is being conducted in North American universities on the impact of green roofs on the environment, economy, and energy resources. Some major corporations, like Ford Motor Co. , The Gap, and H. J. Heinz Co. , have recently installed green roofs, and the approved design for the new World Trade Center includes a rooftop garden. LIMITATIONS The main disadvantage of green roofs is that the initial costs of installing terrace garden can be double that of a normal terrace. The additional mass of the soil substrate and retained water places a large strain on the structural support of a build. This makes it unlikely for intensive green roofs to become widely implemented due to a lack of buildings that are able to support such a large amount of added weight as well as the added cost of reinforcing buildings to be able to support such weight. Some types of green roofs do have more de manding structural standards especially in seismic regions of the world. Some existing buildings cannot be retrofitted with certain kinds of green roof because of the weight load of the substrate and vegetation exceeds permitted static loading. Depending on what kind of green roof it is, the maintenance costs could be higher, but some types of green roof have little or no ongoing cost. Some kinds of green roofs also place higher demands on the waterproofing system of the structure, both because water is retained on the roof and due to the possibility of roots penetrating the waterproof membrane. Another detractor is that the wildlife they attract may include pest insects which could easily infiltrate a residential building through open windows. Due to these cause mainly finance required at initial setup of terrace garden it is difficult to develop terrace gardens but terrace gardens are the demand of modern urban areas and people have to fulfill it. METHODOLGY It is possible to raise vegetables all through the year even in the middle of the city. All it takes is a terrace and a little bit of effort. If someone wants to make tomato chutney for breakfast, Mohandas walks to his terrace garden and handpicks the tomatoes himself. Sakthivel gets his family’s daily dose of greens from his garden; Shankara Baham gets his medicines from the herbal garden on his terrace. Residents of Ashram Avenue in Mugalivakkam, Mohandas and friends have dedicated their free time to â€Å"making their terraces green. † Of the 80 houses in the area, eight have terraces that are covered with luscious vegetable patches. Each of the gardens supports one family — the owners rarely buy vegetables from outside. The idea is to make ourselves self-sufficient using the limited space available†. A terrace garden can be created in any shape, design and any raised location. Places like a multi storied building, hotels, restaurants or institutes are the places one can follow terrace gardening. Converting your barren space into a lush green patch will de-stress an individual and also provide a healthy environment. Create a desired layout for your terrace garden and carefully plan the number of shrubs, small trees, lawn and others. Always remember that you do not go in for a plant with a tap root system as the roots of these plants tend to grow beyond the roof and is a threat to your building. Make sure the roof or the selected place is strong enough to support the weight of the soil and gravel. The terrace and the soil should have the required drainage system so as to avoid the garden being turned into a damp soggy area. One has to construct sufficient drainage chambers around their terrace garden. Small drainage pipes leading to the main drainage pipe should be maintained in your terrace garden. Always remember that if the water is not drained properly, it will cause great damage to your building. Make sure that there is no leakage in your terrace garden in order to avoid soggy walls. One should select light weighted manure like the mixture of the garden earth, manure and soil remains. Once you’re ready with all the above required steps, you can start laying brickbats according to your planned layout. Spread a layer of completely formed bricks on your terrace. The bricks have to be totally burnt in order to facilitate the drainage of water. Also one can make use of ridged sheets in order to maintain an effective drainage system. The sheets should be placed carefully in order to lead the pipes to the drainage system. In order to avoid the manure and the earth from depositing in between the brick spaces, one has to spread the wire mesh (HDPE net) on the bricks. One can paint and make the terrace area colorful and make it look realistic by adding a swing. Plants like creepers, flowering plants and vegetables can be grown in your terrace garden.  Once you have finished planting the saplings, water the plants regularly and provide the required amount of manure. FLOW CHART Flow chart Picture composed in corel draw.

Stereotypical Rap and Hip-hop free essay sample

Today rap and hip-hop music has been controversial in the question—is rap and hip-hop music perpetuating negative stereotypes or just trying to discover the voice in young black culture? Most people seem to get the idea that all rap and hip-hop music is â€Å"trash,† but they never take the time to truly listen to this music. Yes, maybe most of this music uses the â€Å"N-word,† â€Å"pictures blacks as gangsters, thugs and amoral criminals† and â€Å" uses young half-naked women as sex toys† (Williams); yet, are those the only things they say? These artists, not just black, but white as well, place an impact on the lives of some children to do the right things and encourage them not mess up like they did. Rap and Hip-hop appeal to be mostly violent; however, aren’t these artist just sharing their experiences with us? A picture of 50 Cent’s album cover â€Å"Get Rich or Die Tryin’† shows a young African American with a d iamond necklace, no shirt and pants hanging low. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypical Rap and Hip-hop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How does this appeal to people who have never heard his music? Most people would look away from this, but they seem to miss the true story behind it all. Did you know that 50 cent got shot eight times and survived? He puts a hope and a desire in children who live in the â€Å"hood.† Take it from the eyes of someone who has learned from hip-hop—â€Å"Hip-hop taught me more about real life than anything I learned that year in class† (Walker). As young children engage themselves in rap and hip-hop culture, these children begin to be more susceptible to this â€Å"overly violent† and â€Å"overly sexual† (Williams) culture being created; however, these children may just be trying to find their true inner voice.

Cirque Du Soleil Human Resource Management Essays

Cirque Du Soleil Human Resource Management Essays Cirque Du Soleil Human Resource Management Essay Cirque Du Soleil Human Resource Management Essay What theories from your text are evident in Cirque du Soleils management of employees? _Select and explain three examples from the readings and explain how they illustrate human relations theory from your readings. _ The management of Cirque de Soleil portrays in every regard the Hawthorne Effect. The attention given to each performer ensured that they would be content in every aspect of their role in the company therefore being extremely productive individuals. The management provides the team with many luxuries such as three on site personal chefs that tend to their dietary needs while performing the rigorous routines. As well, each of the performers numerous tax returns are taken care of, specialized housing accommodations, and personalized career counseling and training services. All of this attention ensures optimum productivity, and creates a scenario that while on tour, each performer has nothing to worry about but their act. Motivating its performers to produce quality work required meeting basic and higher level needs, components of the Hierarchy of Human Needs Model. Starting with the foundation of the model, physiological needs, Cirque De Soleil paid salaries that enabled the performers to have comfortable lifestyles. They also satisfied this need by providing chefs that tended to nutritional needs, and good housing when on the road. Security needs were met by providing numerous benefits such as health insurance, and a 401k plan. Socially, this company made it possible through newsletters such as â€Å"The Ball†, which enabled a social network extending internationally. The mangers also stress that each employee had personal interactions with the performers so they could know them not as a piece of paper but as an individual. The immense popularity world renowned reputation of the show gives the performers a strong sense of esteem. Their performances are commended in media all around the world bringing much prestige to this job title. Finally, programs such as Crossroads helped the performers realize their potential beyond the performance aspect of the business implementing self actualization. Lastly, the reason people joined Cirque de Soleil is because they knew that with them they could achieve whatever goals they had set in front of them. This is known as the expectancy theory. The company provides its performers with every accommodation, previously discussed; they need in order to be successful at their craft. The reward for them is that worldwide recognition, applause from the audience, and a constant improvement on the passion they have chosen to pursue in life. The company stresses self improvement by taking into strong consideration where an employee wishes to be placed. Furthermore, Cirque de Soleil has created an atmosphere in which almost anything is attainable through hard work and dedication. 2) Select three of the following topics. Based on your readings explain one example of each at Cirque du Soleil: {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} HR Planning: Performers of Cirque De Soleil, unlike other professions, had a limited career life on stage for as they aged, they were incapable of such tasking acts. Knowing this, the management implemented their own replacement chart, called Crossroads, which focused on each performer, where they presently were, and where they would like to end up working once they were not eligible to be on stage. They took what interests each performer had and enrolled them in courses that would prepare them for the backstage aspects of the business. This sort of forward thinking boosted the drive and motivation of the performers knowing their part in Cirque De Soleil did not end when they could no longer perform. Recruiting/Selecting Employees: Cirque De Soleil did a great job in both the internal and external aspects of recruitment. Internally, the managers created a very close relationship with its employees, taking into consideration their individual ideas for future goals and where they thought they could be most effective. This can be exemplified through Jennifer Dunne, who presented her ideas and aspirations to the mangers and proved herself worthy. Externally, they had talent scouts which travelled the world searching for new talent. They also recruited 1,800 temps per year to assist at the performance venues and interact face to face with the audience. Popularity of Cirque de Soleil grew significantly attracting up to 50,000 resumes per year. To accommodate this massive number of applicants, they created a standardized web based tool which enabled people to apply online. The entire recruitment process became electronically based making the selection process more efficient. Dealing with Conflict: Cirque de Soleil has become an international icon and has expanded its offices around the world. To prevent any conflict, they decentralized their workforce management. By doing this, they are able to accommodate the cultural differences and laws dealing with employees. The Montreal office could not deal with all of these diverse issues on its own. While on tour, a full time HR professional accompanies the performers to aid in any issues such as insurance coverage, immigration, and anything else pertaining to the well being of the tour. Taking these measures surely makes the touring process smooth and avoids many conflicts.

3 Cases of Superfluous Hyphenation

3 Cases of Superfluous Hyphenation 3 Cases of Superfluous Hyphenation 3 Cases of Superfluous Hyphenation By Mark Nichol The oft-misunderstood hyphen is often left out of a phrase because of confusion about (or ignorance of) its purpose; occasionally, perplexity about the hyphen’s function is the cause of extraneous use, as shown in the examples below. 1. The mother-of-two said she had never seen anything like it before. The simple descriptive phrase that provides more detail about the person requires no hyphenation: â€Å"The mother of two said she had never seen anything like it before.† Specifically, mother is hyphenated in a phrase only in rare instances of noun phrases such as mother-in-law and mother-of-pearl. 2. The rail authority originally planned to build from Burbank-to-Los Angeles before connecting the Central Valley to San Francisco. Phrases describing starting points and destinations are not generally hyphenated: â€Å"The rail authority originally planned to build from Burbank to Los Angeles before connecting the Central Valley to San Francisco.† (An exception is when the phrase is a phrasal adjective modifying a noun: â€Å"The rail authority originally planned a Burbank–to–Los Angeles line before connecting the Central Valley to San Francisco†; here, en dashes are used instead of hyphens because at least one of the terms in the range consists of more than one word.) 3. Tasting menus range from $215 for five-courses and $255 for seven-courses at lunch to $325 for nine-courses at dinner. Phrases in which a number serves as an adjective modifying a noun are not hyphenated: Tasting menus range from $215 for five courses and $255 for seven courses at lunch to $325 for nine courses at dinner. (Again, hyphens are appropriate in phrasal adjectives; here, an adjective and a noun combine to hyphenate a noun: â€Å"Tasting menus range from $215 for a five-course lunch and $255 for a seven-course lunch to $325 for a nine-course dinner.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsFlier vs. FlyerQuiet or Quite?

Can America assassinate its citizens justifiably Research Paper

Can America assassinate its citizens justifiably - Research Paper Example The event of the death of Anwar Al-Awlaki through predator drone missile strike raises some relevant questions about the violation of human rights, absence of advance warning and the violation of international law. Preventive measures taken by the government and other intelligence agencies often contributes confusion and fear among the people or America face severe crisis in justifying its actions against terrorist groups. Thesis Statement: The study mainly investigates can America assassinate its citizens justifiably without advanced warning and due process? The doctrine of Radical Islamists discloses that they always require the status of separatist. AL Qaeda and its related extremists groups search a puritanical and strictly fundamentalist Islam. They believe that the modern especially, Western culture and ideologies become act as a prominent threat of their religious faith. In this juncture, one cannot avoid the chance of preventing the threat of global terrorism. Government acti ons against terrorist groups need a well organized plan it needs an effective criterion in determining its citizens. Through the process of ensuring advanced warning or due process against suspected persons, government can assassinate its citizens justifiably. ... But the assassination of Al-Awalaki has explored the administrative failure of the Obama government which loosening standards for extra judicial killings could go down in to a horrifying use of administrative power. William Fisher examines that â€Å"Most of the major human rights groups condemned the killing as an affront to the U.S. Justice system and the values underlying it† (Fisher). The word â€Å"terrorist† is applied to him and has been put on U.S assassination mark without due process. Relevant criticisms had risen against Obama administration and its action against a U.S citizen. Eminent personalities including the Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul, have recommended the beleaguered killing of an American could be an impeachable administrative failure for President Obama (Gneiting). His assassination simply highlights the fact that the administration secret standards for putting people, including American citizens, on a hit list. Therefore, If the Gove rnment just declare anyone, anywhere a hazard to the national security and assassinate him without due process, the rights of all citizens are in threat. Even though an American citizen, Obama administration had taken the rare way of authorizing the targeted killing of Awlaki (The New York Times). U.S military officials had kept an unclear identifying record about Awlaki’s death and it denotes the injustice. Assassinating a citizen without advanced warning or due process explores the dangerous use of government power. It is part of common knowledge is that the Fifth Amendment ensures citizen’s rights to live without fear. As a citizen who lived in the United States, Al-Awalaki has the right to

Saint Augustine of Hippo and his Confessions Essay

Saint Augustine of Hippo and his Confessions - Essay Example Monica. It can be deduced through his works that his main goal is to find the spiritual truth, and due to himself not acknowledging the spiritual presence of God everywhere he had an early life full of sins. He died in 430, just when the Vandals were starting to besiege Calama, where he stayed for the rest of his life.4 As a reformed man who used to live in a life of sin, his book Confessions was able to convey his thoughts as well as his beliefs during and after his conversion to Christianity, as well as the struggles he had to face during the time when Rome was already crumbling and a new era was about to usher in. St. Augustine’s book, Confessions recalls most of his younger life, when he was still living in sin. The first 10 books were mostly his biography, while the remaining books focused on the first chapter of Genesis, mostly dealing with creation and the fall of grace, which he personally experienced.5 While it is not said in the book that he was a very bad child, he found pleasure in committing sins due to his search of love.6 The first book deals with his infancy to his youth, and during which he was starting to question things which he must do, as well as the good and mischievous things that he did in order to gain praise from just about everyone: from his parents; to his teachers and to his peers. However, trying to gain praises from human beings was only to make oneself feel good, and for that he confesses that he only looked for beauty and not the truth.7 The second book tells about St. Augustine’s life as a youth who was sent to Carthage in order to further his studies and become a respectable man. However, due to his relishing of the needs of the flesh, as well as to satisfy the peer pressure from his friends, he has sunk into an even lower state, much to the chagrin of his devout mother. He confessed that during these times, he was doing such things in order to satisfy his need for sinning, and nothing else.8 Concluding this book is St. Augustine admitting that having friends can either be good or dangerous, and that to live away from friends that commit sins should be the best course of action to avoid becoming a sinner even further. The third book talks about St. Augustine’s life in Carthage, how he felt that he desired to love something, but instead fell into the throes of lust.9 He also loved being an audience to theatrical plays, especially those of tragedies since he sees them as a mirror to his own life. Again, just to satisfy his vanity, he committed himself to become an eloquent speaker, to impress people. But upon reading the book Hortensius by Cicero, his whole life goal changed. He now tries to pursue the truth instead of knowledge.10 During this time he was jumping from one belief to another, and he stayed in the Manichean faith for around 10 years. Finally, through his mother, St. Monica, things were starting to become different for him. In the fourth book, most of St. Augustine’ s doubts regarding the Manichean religion as well as his swindling life as a teacher of rhetoric were further